期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2011年
关键词：苹果金纹细蛾；种群动态；生态位；空间分布；资源利用；
Keywords:Lithocolletis ringoniella, population dynamics, ecological niche, spatial distribution, resource utilization,
摘 要 ：为明确金纹细蛾种群动态规律,采取时空不放回抽样的调查方法,应用分布型测定、生态位指标及聚类法分析不同套种苹果园种群变化。结果显示,黄土高原苹果园金纹细蛾虫疤显现于6月;7月种群分布先均匀后聚集;8月相对多度强势上升,危害状明显;9~10月数量增长显著。树冠分布为:垂直方向下＞中＞上且差异显著,水平方向差异不显著。总体为聚集分布,个体间相互吸引。生态位占居:垂直、水平和时序三个方向上分别为0.179、0.371和0.594,对树冠下部资源利用达53.73%,上部几乎没有。对树冠四方位资源利用以北、东最高,分别达27.90%和21.66%;与山楂叶螨的生态位重叠指数垂直方向为92.65,水平方向为64.95,时序上为66.36。进入8月后苹果幼龄园不同套种水平下的优势度指数明显增加,中旬增幅最大,其中套种黄豆园最高,套红薯园最低,杂草丛生园则波动较大。
Abstract:In order to fully understand the regular pattern of the population dynamics of Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura in the apple production region of the Loess Plateau, the distribution pattern and the ecological niche index were determined and the clustering analysis was conducted to describe the dynamic change of L.ringoniella population. The results showed that the leaf insect spot caused by L.ringoniella was visible in June; the number of the insect increased in July, with the damage symptom severe in August; and the quantity of the population number was in surge in September and October. The relative abundance of the temporal sequence was in a strong rising trend since August. Population distribution in the crown was uniform in early July and aggregative after that. The spatial distribution among the vertical positions of the tree crown showed significant difference, population number following the order of lower>middle>upper parts, whereas distribution among horizontal directions had no significant difference. The general distribution within the crown appeared in cluster, with individuals attractive to each other. The ecological niche occupation of this pest in vertical and horizontal directions as well as in temporal sequences are 0.179, 0.371 and 0.594, respectively. The resource utilization rate in the lower part of the crown reached 53.73% and almost nothing utilized in the upper part, indicating a more horizontal expansion potential. Viewing from the four directions, the maximum utilization of resources was in the north and east, up to 27.90% and 21.66% respectively. The ecological niche overlap index of L.ringoniella with hawthorn spider mite in vertical and horizontal directions reached 92.65 and 64.95, respectively, in addition to temporal sequence to be 66.36, indicating that hawthorn spider mite is the most intense space-temporal competitor for the limited resources of apple‘s crown leaves. The dominance degree index of L.ringoniella in the young apple orchard in different intercropping patterns increased over time since August and largest increase happened in the middle of August. The highest dominance degree index was found in soybean-apple intercropping pattern and the lowest index with sweet potato-apple intercropping pattern. The index fluctuated in the orchard with weeds unwell-managed.