摘 要 ：为揭示河南省小麦白粉菌群体遗传结构、起源及进化关系,采用简单重复序列区间(inter-simple sequence repeats,ISSR)和扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)分子标记技术对河南省西部山区4个小麦产区的35个小麦白粉菌单孢分离菌株进行了群体遗传多样性分析。结果显示:ISSR和AFLP分析均将35个菌株分为3个组,组Ⅰ包括来自卢氏和灵宝的大部分菌株;组Ⅱ包括来自栾川、卢氏和巩义的菌株;组Ⅲ由4个地区的个别菌株组成,同时包含1个闭囊壳释放子囊孢子获得的菌株。ISSR分析出菌株遗传距离分布在0.0139~0.6592之间,扩增多态性比率为64.83%,各菌株间的Shannon指数为0.2749;而AFLP分析所得的各菌株遗传距离变化幅度在0.1257~0.9322之间,扩增多态性比率为82.68%,各菌株间的Shannon指数为0.5100。可见,河南省小麦白粉菌具有丰富的遗传多样性,研究所用的2种方法均可用于遗传多样性分析,其中AFLP分析小麦白粉菌群体表现出更为丰富的遗传多样性。
Abstract:Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyze the population genetic diversity of wheat powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici, in four wheat production areas in the west of Henan Province. Thirty-five isolates from single colonies collected in Gongyi, Lingbao, Lushi and Luanchuan cities (counties) were divided into three groups based on UPGMA trees according to the data of AFLP and ISSR analysis. The first group mostly originated from Lushi and Lingbao. The second group included isolates from Luanchuan, Lushi and Gongyi. The isolates in the third group were collected from the above four areas including one isolate from chasmothesia. The results also showed that the range of genetic distance was 0.0139-0.6592, the polymorphic frequency was 64.83% and Shannon index was 0.2749 based on ISSR analysis, while the range of genetic distance was 0.1257-0.9322, the polymorphic frequency was 82.68% and the Shannon index was 0.5100 based on AFLP analysis. The mildew pathogen displayed abundant genetic diversity in Henan Province. AFLP analysis revealed richer genetic diversity for wheat powdery mildew populations.