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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2008年

关键词：大蒜；大蒜白斑病菌；生物学特性；寄主范围；

Keywords:garlic, Stemphylium solani, biological characteristics, host range,

摘 要 ：通过测定大蒜白斑病菌菌丝在不同条件下生长情况和采用菌丝块接种离体叶片方法研究了病原菌的生物学特性及寄主范围。结果表明,病菌在PSA平板上培养,5~35℃范围内均能生长,最适生长温度为20~30℃,pH值4~10均可生长, pH值为6~8时生长最佳;在Czapek液体培养基中培养,病菌对所测试碳源中的淀粉利用效果最好,而对甘露醇利用最差,在测试氮源中,对谷氨酸利用最佳,对尿素利用最差;菌丝的最低致死温度为55℃、10min。病菌寄主范围测定结果显示,该菌可侵染所有供试植物,且发病率均为100%,其中发病程度以分葱、韭菜、马铃薯、番茄、烟草和玉米较重,严重度达到4级,而辣椒、甘蓝型油菜和苋菜发病较轻,严重度仅为1级。

Abstract:Biological characteristics and host range of Stemphylium solani causing white leaf spot of garlic was tested by measuring mycelial growth in different conditions and inoculating mycelium plugs onto detached leaves, respectively. For the growth of mycelia on PSA medium, the range of temperature was 5-35℃, with the optimum of 20-30℃. The favorable pH value was 4-10, with the optimum pH 6-8. Among the tested carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapek liquid medium, mannitol and urea were not good for the growth of mycelia. Starch and glutamate were the most favorable for its growth. The lethal temperature for the mycelium was 55℃ for 10 minutes. Artificial inoculation test of twenty different crops with fungal plugs showed that all inoculated plants had disease symptoms with 100% disease incidence, moreover, Allium ascalonicum, Allium odorum, Solanum tuberosum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tobacum and Zea mays had the most serious symptoms(severity degree up to 4); Capsicum annuum, Brassica napus and Amaranthus mangostanus had the slightest ones(severity degree at 1).

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