Abstract:Wheat leaf (brown) rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the important foliar diseases of wheat in the world. Our objective of this research was to develop PCR assays for rapid identification and detection of P.triticina, which would be utilized in the accurate forecast and seasonal control of this destructive disease. The genomic DNA of P.triticina and P.striiformis was comparably amplified by a pair of primers based on conserved β-tubulin gene sequence, and then a 268bp specific DNA fragment of P.triticina was isolated and purified. Based on its sequence, another two primer sets were designed successfully to obtain the new sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers of P.triticina, which could be amplified in all test isolates of P.triticina, whereas no DNA fragment was obtained in the other alien fungus species. The detection accuracy of the primer sets of BAFBY (f1) /BAFBY(r) was 5.00pg /μL. The new SCAR markers of P.triticina can also be detected in wheat leaves post-inoculated 24h. Development of a high-through kit for the rapid diagnosis and detection of wheat leaf rust based on the result would be anticipated in the further study.