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作 者 ：王宏庭, 金继运, 王斌, 赵萍萍

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 4期 页码：801-808

关键词：钾肥；褐土；秸秆还田；产量；土壤钾素平衡；

Keywords:potassium fertilizer, cinnamon soil, straw return to soil, yield, soil potassium balance,

摘 要 ：在山西石灰性褐土一年一作条件下，通过16年的田间定位试验，研究了长期施钾和秸秆还田对小麦产量和土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明，只施用氮、磷肥，冬小麦年平均产量5.5 t/hm²，土壤钾素养分严重亏缺，年平均亏缺104.3 kg/hm²，与试验前的初始值比较，土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量分别下降23.6%和14.3%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上每年施用钾肥（K₂O 150 kg/hm²），平均增产10.2%以上; 小麦秸秆还田平均增产6.6%以上，二者配合平均增产17.6%，年平均吸钾量提高32.0 kg/hm²。与试验初始值比较，土壤速效钾、缓效钾分别提高38.6%和11.0%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上，长期施用钾肥和秸秆还田在显著增加冬小麦的经济产量、生物产量和吸钾量的同时，也减少年度间因气候因素等影响引起的产量变异，提高年度间产量和植物吸钾量的稳定性。

Abstract:Under the condition of wheat-fallow rotation on a calcareous cinnamon soil in Shanxi province, a long-term field experiment was conducted for 16 years to study the effects of long-term potassium(K)application and wheat straw return on wheat yields and soil K status. The results show that application of nitrogen(N)and phosphate(P)fertilizer only without K addition to the system(NP treatment)results in an average yield of 5.5 t/ha and an average annual deficit of 104.3 kg/ha, which indicates there is a serious deficit of soil potassium. Compared with their initial values, contents of soil available K and slowly available K are decreased by 23.6% and 14.3%, respectively. Compared with the NP treatment, the average wheat yield is increased by 10.2% under the application of K fertilizer(NPK treatment)at the rate of K₂O 150 kg/ha annually, and is increased by 6.6% under the straw return treatment(NP+St treatment). The combination of wheat straw return to soil and K application(NPK+St treatment)can increase wheat yield by 17.6%, and K uptake by wheat plants is increased by 32.0 kg/ha. Compared with their initial values, contents of soil available K and slowly available K are increased by 38.6% and 11.0%, respectively. On the base of N and P fertilizer application, wheat grain yield, biomass yield and K uptake by wheat plants are significantly increased under the long-term K application or wheat straw return, and the stability of yield and plant K uptake are improved and the yield variation among the 16 crop seasons is reduced as well.

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