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作 者 ：王跃华, 张丽霞, 孙其远

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 2期 页码：432-438

关键词：茶树；钙过量；光合作用；叶绿素荧光；叶绿体结构；

Keywords:tea tree, excessive calcium, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chloroplast structure,

摘 要 ：茶树是一种嫌钙植物，本文通过砂培试验，研究了不同钙过量水平对茶树光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数、叶片色素含量、叶绿体超微结构及茶树新梢生长的影响，旨在探明钙过量对茶树光合生理的影响，同时为解释高钙茶园中茶树生长不良提供一定的理论依据。结果表明： 不同钙过量处理，随着钙浓度的升高，茶树净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs） 逐渐降低； 茶树叶片Chl a/Chl b升高，总Chl含量逐渐降低； 茶树叶片原初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）、光合电子传递量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）逐渐降低，初始荧光（Fo）则升高； 叶绿体片层结构遭到破坏； 同时钙过量处理的茶树新梢生长受到抑制，其节间距、新梢长度、展叶数、叶面积均明显低于对照。上述结果说明： 钙过量处理在一定程度上可引起光合系统膜结构的破坏，导致电子传递链受阻，茶树叶片光能利用效率降低，从而影响茶树新梢的生长。

Abstract:Tea tree absorbs less calcium than other plants in the same soil usually. In order to probe the effects of excessive calcium fertilization on the photosynthetic physiology of tea leaves and provide the theoretical foundation to explain why the poor growth of tea tree in the soil with high calcium content, this study focused on the changes of chlorophyll content, the leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chloroplast ultra-structure of tea leaves treated with excessive calcium using sand culture. The results indicate that the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of tea leaves are reduced with the increase of calcium concentration, and the leaf chlorophyll content, the primary photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) and quantum yield of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ) are decreased as well, while the ratio of Chl a and Chl b and the minimum fluorescence (Fo) are increased with the increase of calcium concentration. Under the condition of excessive calcium fertilization, the chloroplast structure is destroyed. Meanwhile the growth of tea is restrained. The burl interval, the length of treetop, the amount of leaves and leaf area are lower than those of the control (CK). On the basis of above results, it is concluded that excessive calcium fertilization could damage the membrane of photosystem, and then block the electron photosynthetic rate and decrease light use efficiency of tea leaves, and finally slow down the growth rate of tea shoots.

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