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作 者 ：韩玉竹 张亮 李倩 石永康 黄建国

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 5期 页码：1237-1244

关键词：拉巴豆；施肥；生长；结瘤；养分吸收；

Keywords:Dolichos lablab L., fertilization, growth, nodulation, nutrient absorption,

摘 要 ：选取优良高产豆科牧草拉巴豆为供试材料，研究了接种根瘤菌和有机无机肥配施对拉巴豆结瘤、 生长、 饲料品质、 养分吸收及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，F0.5M0.5（50%有机肥+50%无机肥）和F0.75M0.25（25%有机肥+75%无机肥）处理的拉巴豆生长最好，F（纯施化肥）和F0.25M0.75（75%有机肥+25%无机肥）处理次之，M（纯施有机肥）处理较差，CK（不施肥）最差，F0.5M0.5和F0.75M0.25处理比F分别增产19.46%和16.49%。F和CK结瘤数最少，瘤重也最低，但根瘤数量和重量随有机肥施用的比例增加而提高。在施用有机肥的4个处理中，拉巴豆净光合速率相似，介于14.39~15.32 CO₂ μmol/(m²·s)之间，显著高于F和CK处理。此外，施用有机肥显著改善拉巴豆饲用品质，尤以F0.5M0.5和F0.75M0.25处理最显著，并提高过氧化氢酶、 蔗糖酶、 脲酶活性。相关分析表明，拉巴豆根瘤重与地上部生物量、 氮、 磷、 钾吸收量呈显著正相关，相关系数依次为0.6758、 0.7269、 0.9759、 0.9488（n=36），说明根瘤形成改善了拉巴豆的氮、 磷、 钾营养，促进了生长，提高了品质。在重庆市的拉巴豆栽培实践中，提倡接种根瘤菌和有机无机肥适量配施很有必要。

Abstract: Dolichos lablab L. is a legume forage with highyield and good feeding quality. Fertilization is one of the most important factors affecting the growth and feeding quality of forage. Our objective was to investigate the effects of different fertilization on Dolichos lablab L. Chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (CK, F, F0.75M0.25, F0.5M0.5，F0.25M0.75, M) were used to investigate the influences of fertilizer treatments on nodulation, growth, photosynthesis, feeding quality, nutrient absorption by Dolichos lablab L. and as well as soil enzyme activities. The results show that the growth, yield and quality of D. lablab L. are better under the F0.5M0.5 and F0.75M0.25, those under the F and F0.5M0.5 are good, and those under the M and CK are the worst. Compared with the F, the yields of F0.5M0.5 and F0.75M0.25 are increased by 19.46% and  16.49%, respectively. Plants under the F and CK form fewer nodules (19-26 No./basin) and lower nodule weight (0.58-1.56 g/basin), while the nodule number and nodule weight of the plants are increased with the increase of manure proportion. When the proportions of the organic fertilizer are increased from 25% to 100%, the nodule numbers are increased from 54 to 109 nodule/basin, and the nodule weight are from 3.13 to 3.90 g/basin. The net photosynthetic rates of the four fertilizer treatments included organic manure are similar ［ 14.39-15.32  CO₂ μmol/(m²·s)］，and are significantly higher than those of the F and CK ［10.07-10.27 CO₂  μmol/(m²·s) ］. The organic fertilizer could improve the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of D. lablab L., and thus improve feeding quality. The ground biomasses of the F0.5M0.5 and F0.75M0.25 are the highest, of which the contents of protein, crude fat, crude ash, soluble sugar yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium absorptions are also the highest. Compared with the pure chemical fertilizer, the organic manure could improve the soil enzyme (catalase, invertase, urease) activities. The results of the correlation analysis show the shoot biomass (R²=0.6758), nitrogen (R²=0.7269), phosphorus (R²=0.9759) and potassium (R²=0.9488) absorptions are positively correlated with the nodule weight. The nodule formation could improve nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition; promote the growth, increase biomass and quality to some extent. In cultivation practice in Chongqing, the selection of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure and rhizobium inoculation could increase the yield and improve the quality of D.lablab L.

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