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作 者 ：曹倩 贺明荣 代兴龙 门洪文 王成雨

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 4期 页码：815-822

关键词：小麦；密度；氮肥；产量；氮素利用效率；

Keywords:wheat, density, nitrogen, yield, nitrogen use efficiency,

摘 要 ：为了探明小麦产量和氮素利用效率同步提高的最佳施氮量和种植密度，制定合理的栽培措施，实现高产高效提供理论依据，以大穗型品种泰农18（T18）和中穗型品种山农15（S15）为试材，在大田条件下设置4个播种密度（60、75、90和105 kg/hm2）和3个施氮水平（0、180和240 kg/hm2），研究了氮密互作对小麦子粒产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明，播种密度和施氮量均显著影响冬小麦产量及构成因素，且两者间存在明显的互作效应；两因素中密度是导致产量变化的主导因素。子粒产量提高引起氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率的协同提高。综合考虑产量和氮素利用效率等因素，在本试验条件下，泰农18的适宜播量为102 kg/hm2，适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2；而山农15的适宜播量为83 kg/hm2，适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2。说明在冬小麦高产栽培过程中，可以通过调节施氮量和播种密度，充分利用氮密互作效应，在提高氮素利用率的同时，获得较高的子粒产量。

Abstract:In order to verify the optimum nitrogen application rate and planting density for higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and to provide basis for the development of rational cultivation measures, two cultivars ,Tainong18（T18） and Shannong15（S15） representing large and middle ears respectively were used in this study. Under field condition, four regimes of planting density and three nitrogen rates were applied to study the interaction between nitrogen and density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. The results show that planting density, nitrogen rate and the interaction between them have significant effects on grain yield and yield components of winter wheat. Compared with the nitrogen rates, planting density is a key factor for increasing the grain yield, and for increasing the agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of applied N. In this study, taking both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency into consideration, the appropriate plant density and nitrogen rate of T18 are 102 kg/ha and N 180 kg/ha respectively, while for S15 are 83 kg/ha and N180 kg/ha. Conclusively, we can adjust nitrogen rate and planting density to take advantage of the interaction between them in promoting the uptake and use of nitrogen for high grain yield and in improving nitrogen utilization.

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