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作 者 ：马海洋 石伟琦 刘亚男 江良洪 孙光明 左雪冬 张江周 严程明

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 4期 页码：901-907

关键词：卡因；菠萝；氮；磷；钾肥；产量；品质；

Keywords:Smooth Cayenne, pineapple, N, P, K fertilizers, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：运用“3414”试验设计，在大田试验条件下研究氮、 磷、 钾肥不同配比对卡因菠萝产量和品质的影响，提出适宜的肥料用量。结果表明：施用氮（N）、 磷（P₂O₅）、 钾肥（K₂O）卡因菠萝分别增产15.5、 4.8和12.6 t/hm²，增产率为16.8%、 4.5%和13.1%，增加纯收入34800、 11000和27600 Yuan/hm²，农学效率分别为39.3、 42.3和29.6 kg/kg； 施肥增产、 增收效果以及对产量的贡献率均表现为N＞K₂O＞P₂O₅， 肥料农学效率则表现为P₂O₅＞N＞K₂O。在 P2（100 kg/hm²）K2（500 kg/hm²）基础上，施氮降低果实中维生素C和可滴定酸含量，增加了可溶性糖含量，而在N2（400 kg/hm²）P2（100 kg/hm²）基础上，施钾增加果实中维生素C、 可滴定酸和可溶性糖含量，施用磷肥对果实品质影响不大。对卡因菠萝产量效应函数进行频率分析法寻优得出，卡因菠萝目标产量超过105 t/hm²， 95%置信区间的优化施肥量为氮（N）281.27~436.48 kg/hm²、 磷（P₂O₅）64.03~121.69 kg/hm²、 钾（K₂O）428.59~628.55 kg/hm²，N、 P₂O₅、 K₂O的最优施肥量配比为1∶0.15~0.43∶0.982.23。研究结论可为果农从事卡因菠萝栽培提供施肥参考。

Abstract:Based on the “3414” fertilizer experiment design, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and fruit quality of Smooth Cayenne pineapple, and optimum fertilizer rate. The results indicate that the applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O) fertilizers separately improve the yields by 15.5, 4.8 and 12.6 t/ha, and the yield increasing rates are 16.8%, 4.5% and 13.1%. The net profits of the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O applications are 34800, 11000 and 27600 Yuan/ha respectively and the agronomy efficiency (AE) of them are 39.3, 42.3 and 29.6 kg/kg respectively. The order of increasing yield, profit and fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) is in order: N＞K₂O＞P₂O₅, and the relationship of AE of them is P₂O₅＞K₂O＞N. Based on the P2 (100 kg/ha) K2 (500 kg/ha) fertilizer application, the vitamin C and total titratable acidity contents of the fruits are decreased with the increase of the nitrogen application, while the soluble sugar contents are increased. On the basis of the N2 (400 kg/ha) P2 (100 kg /ha) fertilizer application, the potassium application can increase vitamin C, titratable acidity and soluble sugar contents of the fruits. The application of phosphate fertilizer has little effects on the fruit quality. The results of the frequency analysis show that for the target yield over 105 t/ha and the confidence interval of 95%, the optimal fertilizer application rates of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O, are 281.27–436.48, 64.03–121.69 and 428.59–628.55 kg/ha respectively. The corresponding fertilizer ratio of N: P₂O₅: K₂O is 1: 0.15–0.43: 0.98–2.23. This study provides a reference for farmers engaged in pineapple cultivation.

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