作 者 ：杜保见,郜红建,常江,章力干
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 6期 页码：1349-1357
Keywords:wheat, seedling stage, nitrogen uptake efficiency, cluster analysis,
摘 要 ：【目的】氮肥过量施用,不仅造成氮素大量流失,还增加了农业生产成本,对生态环境带来了巨大的威胁。筛选和培育氮高效小麦品种是提高氮肥利用率、 降低环境污染风险的有效途径。本文通过对44个小麦品种苗期性状的考察,初步筛选出具有氮高效潜力的小麦品种。【方法】利用循环营养液培养方法,研究了安徽省44个小麦品种(系)在正常氮(5 mmol/L)和高氮(45 mmol/L)条件下苗期氮素吸收利用效率的差异。采用隶属函数法将评价指标数据进行标准化,区间为[0,1];而后采用客观赋权法将标准化后的数据整合成一个无量纲的综合值,最后基于综合值运用最短距离法、 欧氏距离平方聚类分析方法,将44个小麦品种划分成不同的氮效率类型。【结果】在两种供氮水平下,不同小麦品种的茎叶干重、 根干重、 叶面积、 茎叶氮累积量和根氮累积量存在显著性差异,其变异系数分别在27.9%～33.7%和21.5%～32.8%之间,可作为小麦苗期氮效率的评价指标。小麦苗期氮效率综合值在正常氮和高氮水平下分别在0.053～0.920和0.001～0.853之间,其中“鉴76”在正常氮和高氮条件下的氮效率综合值均大于80%。通过隶属函数氮效率综合值及其聚类分析,将44个供试小麦品种分为氮高效型、 氮中效型和氮低效型三类;其中“扬麦16“和“鉴76”在正常氮和高氮条件下均表现为高效型,“皖麦68”、 “F60501-4”、 “鉴62”和“安农1026”只在高氮条件下表现为高效型。氮高效型、 氮中效型、 氮低效型小麦品种在正常供氮和高氮条件下分别占供试品种总数的4.54%、 54.55%、 40.91%和13.63%、 38.64、 47.73%。【结论】在正常供氮和高氮条件下,44个供试小麦品种的茎叶氮累积量、 茎叶干重、 根部氮累积量、 根部干重和叶面积存在显著性差异,可以作为小麦苗期氮效率评价指标;初步确定“扬麦16”和“鉴76”为正常供氮和高氮条件下的氮高效型品种,“皖麦68”、 “F60501-4”、 “鉴62”和“安农1026” 为高氮条件下的氮高效型品种。
Abstract:【Objectives】Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer lead tonitrogen loss and cost increase of agricultural production. Screening and breeding crop cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency is effective way of increasing nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental risks. In this paper,44 wheat cultivars at the seedling stage for theirpotential of high nitrogen use efficiency were screened.【Methods】Hydroponic experiments were conducted with normal (5 mmol/L) and high (45 mmol/L) nitrogen levels. Evaluation indices were standardized by the method of Subordinate function into interval [0,1], and the standardized data were calculated into a dimensionless integrated values by objective weighting method. Based on the comprehensive value using the shortest distance method and squared euclidean distance method of clustering analysis, 44 wheat cultivars were divided into different categories using their nitrogen use efficiency. 【Results】There are significant differencesin shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area (LA), shoot nitrogen accumulation (SNA) and root nitrogen accumulation (RNA) of the wheat cultivars between the two N supply levels. The coefficients of variation (CV) of SDW, RDW, LA, SNA and RNA are between 27.9%-33.7% and 21.5%-33.7% under the normal and high nitrogen levels, respectively. The integrated nitrogen use efficiency values (INUEV) under the normal and high nitrogen levels at the seedling stage are 0.053-0.920 and 0.001-0.853, respectively. The INUEV of Jian76 wheat cultivar is greater than 80% under the both normal and high nitrogen levels. Based on the INUEV and the clustering analysis (CA) of INUEV, the 44 wheat cultivars are divided into three categories which are high, middle and low nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE). The Yangmai16 and Jian76 belong to high NUE category under both normal and high nitrogen levels, and the Wanmai68, F60501-4, Jian62 and Annong1026 belong to high NUE wheat cultivars only under the high nitrogen level. The wheat cultivars with high, middle and low nitrogen use efficiencies in the normal nitrogen condition account for 4.54%,54.55% and 40.91%, and 13.63%, 38.64 and 47.73% high nitrogen condition. 【Conclusions】 The shoot nitrogen accumulation, shoot dry weight, root nitrogen accumulation, root dry weight and leaf area can be used as indices to evaluate the potentials of wheat cultivars at the seedling stage; The Yangmai16 and Jian76 are preliminary confirmed as the wheat cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency in the normal and high nitrogen conditions, Wanmai68, F60501-4, Jian62 and Annong1026 as cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency in the high nitrogen conditions.
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