作 者 ：张杨杨,焦自高,艾希珍,肖守华,王崇启,董玉梅,马荣金

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2016年 22卷 2期 页码：476-485

关键词：厚皮甜瓜；蛋氨酸硒；生理特性；产量；品质；硒含量；

Keywords:muskmelon, methionine-selenium, physiological characteristics, yield, quality, selenium content,

摘 要 ：【目的】本研究探究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长与生理特性的调控作用,硒在厚皮甜瓜中的富集效益,以及硒在土壤中的变化趋势。【方法】以‘M135’厚皮甜瓜为试材,蛋氨酸硒为硒源,采用盆栽试验,以土壤本底硒为对照,通过向土壤中增施蛋氨酸硒使土壤中的总硒含量分别增加4、 10和16 mg/kg,研究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长、 产量、 光合特性、 产品品质及果肉硒含量的影响,对厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中总硒含量的影响,以及对土壤中不同形态硒含量变化的影响。【结果】施硒4、 10和16 mg/kg均可显著提高甜瓜叶片光合色素含量、 叶片光合速率、 植株生长量以及甜瓜产量; 另外,不同浓度施硒处理还显著提高了果肉中有机硒、 无机硒、 可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量,并以10 mg/kg施硒处理的效果最佳。10 mg/kg施硒处理的单株产量比对照提高了19.53%,果肉中的可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量比对照分别提高了14.82%、 49.88%、 23.42%和25.03%,果肉中硒的总含量为44.74 μg/kg,其中有机硒含量36.87 μg/kg,占到总硒含量的82.91%,达到富硒标准。进一步的研究发现,虽然果肉中硝酸还原酶活力、 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量均随施硒浓度的增加而增加,但4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理后的亚硝酸盐含量分别为1.499、 1.907和2.131 mg/kg,均远低于国家标准的上限(20 mg/kg)。对施硒后厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中硒含量的研究发现,厚皮甜瓜各组织器官(根、 茎、 叶柄、 叶、 果皮、 果肉和种子)的总硒含量也随施硒浓度的增加而增加。对根、 茎、 叶柄和叶的比较发现,在未增施蛋氨酸硒时叶中的硒含量最高,其次为根、 茎和叶柄; 而增施蛋氨酸硒后则表现为根中最多,其次为茎、 叶和叶柄。对果皮、 果肉和种子的比较发现,各处理果实内各组织的总硒含量均表现为种子中最多,其次为果肉和果皮。对施硒后土壤中不同形态硒含量的研究发现,定植后未施蛋氨酸硒的上层土壤中总硒、 无机态Se⁶⁺的含量均呈下降趋势,土壤中有机硒和无机态Se⁴⁺的含量变化不大; 4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理的土壤中有机硒、 总硒以及无机态Se⁴⁺含量都呈先下降后趋于平缓的趋势,而无机态Se⁶⁺的含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势。【结论】土壤增施蛋氨酸硒后提高了厚皮甜瓜果肉的硒含量,增强了光合能力,促进了厚皮甜瓜植株的生长,从而提高了产量和综合品质,其适宜的土壤施硒浓度为10 mg/kg。

Abstract:【Objectives】This paper explored the regulation functions on the growth and physiological characteristics and the enrichment effect of selenium (Se) in muskmelon (Cucumis melo) with methionine-selenium (Met-Se) treatment, as well as the variation trend of soil Se. 【Methods】 In this study,the effects of Met-Se on the growth, yield, photosynthesis characteristics, quality and Se content of the muskmelon ‘M135’, as well as the effects of total Se content in different tissues and organs, and the variation trend of different forms of Se in soil were determined by the method of adding Met-Se into the soil to make soil Se content to 4, 10 and 16 mg/kg respectively, with a pot experiment, soil without Met-Se as control. 【Results】 The treatments with 4, 10 and 16 mg/kg Se all could lead to an obvious increase in pigment content, photosynthetic rate, growth and yield, and the contents of organic and inorganic Se, soluble sugar, protein, free anomic acid and vitamin C in fruit. Especially, 10 mg/kg Se treatment has the best effect on the quality of muskmelon fruit. For example, the yield of per plant of 10 mg/kg Se treatment was increased by 19.53% compared with control, and the contents of soluble sugar, protein, free anomic acid and vitamin C in treatment fruit increased by 14.82%, 49.88%, 23.42% and 25.03%, respectively. Additionally, the content of organic Se in muskmelon sarcocarp was 36.87 μg/kg, which was about 82.91% of total Se(44.74 μg/kg)and met the selenium-rich standard. Further study found that, although the activity of nitrate reductase, the content of nitrate and nitrite in sarcocarp were raised with the increasing of soil Se concentration, the content of nitrite in 4, 10 and 16 mg/kg Se treatments sarcocarp were 1.499, 1.907 and 2.131 mg/kg, respectively, and were far below the national standard limit(20 mg/kg). In this study, the contents of Se in different tissues and organs, including root, stem, petiole, leaf, pericarp, sarcocarp and seed were raised with the increasing of soil Se concentration. In addition, the Se concentration in leaf was higher than in root, stem and petiole when soil without Met-Se added. While the root has the highest Se content when adding Met-Se into the soil, following was stem, leaf and petiole. Furthermore, the seed has higher Se concentration than sarcocarp and pericarp with or without Met-Se treatment. In the upper soil, the content of total Se and inorganic Se⁶⁺ was decreased after planting without application of Met-Se, while the contents of organic Se and inorganic Se⁴⁺ has no significant changing. In the soil with adding 4, 10 and 16 mg/kg Met-Se, the contents of organic Se, total Se and inorganic Se⁴⁺ were all reduced after planting, while the content of inorganic Se⁶⁺ was firstly increased, and then decreased. 【Conclusions】 The Se utilization rate of muskmelon was lower by adding Met-Se into soil, but it had improved the Se content of the muskmelon sarcocarp, enhanced the photosynthetic capacity, promoted the growth, as well as improved the yield and integrated quality, and the optimum concentration of Se for soil was 10 mg/kg.