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作 者 ：李秋祝, 余常兵, 胡汉升, 孙建好, 陈伟, 李隆

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 4期 页码：777-785

关键词：大麦；小麦；蚕豆；玉米；间作；氮素利用率；土壤无机氮；

Keywords:barley, wheat, faba bean, maize, intercropping, nitrogen recovery efficiency, soil mineral nitrogen,

摘 要 ：田间小区试验，研究大麦/玉米间作、小麦/玉米间作和蚕豆/玉米间作及其对应单作体系，在不施氮和施氮225 kg/hm²情况下，对氮素吸收利用效率和土壤剖面无机氮变化的影响。结果表明，作物对养分的竞争能力与其根区土壤无机氮浓度和累积量密切相关。两作物共生期不施氮肥时，0—100 cm土层，土壤剖面无机氮残留量是间作大麦和间作小麦根区分别比间作蚕豆根区减少203～282和107～171 kg/hm²; 与大麦和小麦间作的玉米根区分别比与蚕豆间作的玉米根区减少93～120和56～87 kg/hm²。土壤无机氮累积量受作物类型、种间相互作用强度及实时土壤环境条件影响。种间相互作用提高了间作大麦和小麦的氮素当季回收率，但使与其间作的玉米氮素当季回收率降低。大麦/玉米和小麦/玉米竞争体系在不施氮肥时氮素利用效率最高。施用氮肥使大麦、小麦氮素收获指数降低，玉米氮素收获指数升高，对蚕豆无影响。在选择配对作物时，为获得间作优势要充分考虑作物竞争能力、土壤基础肥力条件、施肥水平及配套栽培措施等。低肥力土壤宜选择豆科/禾本科互惠体系，高肥力土壤宜选择禾本科/禾本科竞争体系。

Abstract:Difference of nitrogen utilization efficiency and distribution of mineral nitrogen in soil profile by barley/maize, wheat/maize, faba bean/maize intercropping systems and corresponding sole cropping systems with nitrogen application of 0 and N 225 kg/ha were conducted in field microplot experiment. The results indicated that competitive ability of crops for nutrition closely related to the concentration and accumulation of mineral nitrogen in crops root zone. Accumulation of mineral nitrogen under barley and wheat strip intercropped with maize decreased 203-282 and 107-171 kg/ha compared with faba bean intercropped with maize in 0-100 cm soil profile, respectively. Accumulation of mineral nitrogen under maize strip intercropped with barley and wheat reduced 93-120 and 56-87 kg/ha compared with maize intercropped with faba bean, respectively. Crops, interspecific competition and soil condition affected accumulation of mineral nitrogen in soil profile. Interspecific interaction increased nitrogen recovery efficiency for barley and wheat intercropped with maize, however, decreased that for maize intercropped with barley and wheat. Nitrogen utilization efficiency was highest in low soil fertility for competitive intercropping system. Nitrogen harvest index was reduced in barley and wheat with N fertilizer applied, but increased in maize and not changed in faba bean. Crops competition, soil fertility, rate of fertilizer application and cultural measure should be considered carefully in order to achieve intercropping advantage when we choice associated crops. Complement system of legumes/cereals were planted in low soil fertility and competitive system of cereals/cereals in high soil fertility.

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