作 者 ：荣勤雷 梁国庆 周卫 刘东海 王秀斌 孙静文 李双来 胡诚
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 5期 页码：1168-1177
Keywords:straw, pig manure, green manure, soil fertility, soil enzyme activities,
摘 要 ：【目的】低产黄泥田在南方稻区广泛分布，其障碍因素是土壤熟化度低，施用有机肥料是改良黄泥田的重要措施。本文通过田间试验研究化肥和不同有机肥对低产黄泥田的培肥效果以及土壤碳、土壤氮、土壤磷转化的相关酶活性的变化规律，为低产黄泥田培肥改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】试验地位于湖北省京山县，种植模式为双季稻，田间试验中设6个处理， 分别为 （1）不施肥（CK），（2）单施化肥（NPK），（3）化肥＋绿肥（NPKG），（4）化肥＋猪粪（NPKM），（5）化肥＋秸秆（NPKS），（6）化肥＋秸秆＋腐熟菌剂（NPKSD），化肥用量相同，配施有机肥处理施用的有机碳量相当。水稻收获后取耕层土壤样品，测定不同处理土壤养分和土壤酶活性指标，了解土壤养分和土壤酶活性的变化特征；采用典型相关分析方法，分析土壤养分和土壤酶两组变量之间的相关关系，研究不同有机肥对低产黄泥田的培肥效果。【结果】有机肥能够提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，明显提高早稻和晚稻的产量。有机肥对土壤酶活性有很大影响，配施有机肥不同程度地提高了α-葡萄糖苷酶、 β-葡萄糖苷酶、 β-纤维二糖苷酶、 β-木糖苷酶活性；过氧化物酶和脲酶没有明显差异；磷酸酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶活性有所降低。土壤酶活性是评价施肥对土壤肥力影响的重要生物指标，土壤养分和土壤酶活性典型相关分析结果显示，二者显著相关，可以用于评估黄泥田土壤肥力变化的酶主要有β-葡萄糖苷酶、 β-木糖苷酶、 α-葡萄糖苷酶、 β-纤维二糖苷酶。典型变量排序结果表明，有机肥的培肥效果秸秆＞猪粪＞绿肥。【结论】低产黄泥田增施有机肥可以显著提高水稻产量和土壤速效养分含量，施用不同有机肥9种土壤酶活性响应不同，其中β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶活性可以用于表征低产黄泥田的肥力变化，不同有机肥的培肥效果为秸秆＞猪粪＞绿肥。
Abstract:【Objectives】Low-yield yellow clayey soil, with the restrictive factor of poor soil maturation degree, was widely distributed in southern China. The application of organic fertilizers was an important measure for improving yellow clayey soil. Soil enzyme activity was an important indicator to characterize soil fertility. A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of chemical fertilizers and different organic fertilizers on soil fertility and soil enzyme activities of soil carbon, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus transformation in yellow clay soil with low cropyields, which provided the theoretical and technique foundation for soil fertility improvement of yellow clay soil. 【Methods】 The experimental field was located in Jingshan County, Hubei Province with rice-rice rotation system. Six treatments were carried out in a field experiment: (1) No fertilizer (CK), (2) Chemical fertilizer (NPK), (3) NPK plus green manure（NPKG）, (4) NPK plus pig manure（NPKM）, (5) NPK plus straw（NPKS）, (6) NPK plus straw and straw-decomposing inoculant（NPKSD）. The same amount of chemical fertilizer was applied among fertilizer treatments. Every organic fertilizer treatment contained the same amount of organic carbon. After the rice harvest, soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity of topsoil in different treatments were measured to understand their variation characteristics. Adopted canonical correlation analysis, the correlation between the two sets of variables, soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities, was analyzed to investigate effect of fertility under different organic fertilizers application in low-yield yellow clayey soil.【Results】The results of the field experiment showed that the application of organic fertilizers could improve the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and available K and the yields of early rice and late rice significantly. There is a great influence on soil enzyme activities by applying organic manure combination with chemical fertilizer. The activities of soil α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase are increased in different degrees, while the activities of soil phosphatase, phenol oxidase and N-acetyl-glucosamidase are declined, and the activities of soil urease and peroxidase are not significant different. Soil enzyme activities are important biological indicators to evaluate effects of the fertilization on soil fertility. The results of the canonical correlation analysis reveal that there is a significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients, and soil α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase activities are main enzymes to evaluate the change of soil fertility in yellow clay paddy soil. The canonical variables ordering result shows that the effect of organic fertilization on improving soil fertility is straw> pig manure> green manure.【Conclusions】Rice yield and soil available nutrients content were significantly improved after the application of organic manure, but different responses were observed among nine kinds soil enzyme activities in response to organic fertilizers. Low-yield yellow clayey soil fertility changes could be characterized by α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase activities. The effect of organic fertilization on improving soil fertility was straw> pig manure> green manure.
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