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作 者 ：何晓雁, 郝明德, 李慧成, 蔡志风

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 6期 页码：1333-1340

关键词：黄土高原旱地；施肥；养分利用效率；水分利用效率；

Keywords:rainfed land of Loess plateau, different fertilization, soil nutrients use efficiency, water use efficiency,

摘 要 ：在长期定位试验的基础上，研究了黄土高原旱地不同施肥对小麦产量、土壤养分和水分的变化及其利用效率的影响。结果表明，单施有机肥（M）增产效果较好，产量达 5265.0 kg/hm²; 有机肥和化肥配施（NPM）小麦产量最高，达 5898.8 kg/hm²。NPM配施小麦总吸氮量最大，比单施氮肥（N）增加了131.4 kg/hm²; NPM配施的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率分别为 67.0%、49.16 kg/kg、36.97 kg/kg、73.11 kg/kg; 在不同施肥体系中其变化趋势基本一致，均为: N2·mm)，随着耗水量增加的同时，土壤出现干燥化趋势。

Abstract:Effects of different fertilization on yield of wheat and soil nutrient and water changes and its use efficiency were studied using a long-term experiment in rainfed lands of the Loess Plateau. The result shows that the best for the yield-increasing in the single applications is the application of the organic compound fertilizer (M), and its output can reach to 5265 kg/ha. The combined applications of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer increase the yield of wheat, and the highest yield is 5898.8 kg/ha under the NPM fertilization. Under the NPM combined application, wheat grain and stalk uptake the largest amounts of total N with the increase of 131.4 kg/ha compared to the single application of N fertilizer. The maximum fertilizer utilization is the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and the nitrogen utilization; nitrogen partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and physiological nitrogen utilization are 67.0%, 49.16 kg/kg, 36.97 kg/kg and 73.11 kg/kg. Different fertilization systems reflect the nearly same trend, that is: N

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