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作 者 ：张彤彤 徐福利 汪有科 林云

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 1期 页码：241-248

关键词：梨枣；叶片营养；施肥；矿质元素；

Keywords:pear-jujube tree, leaf nutrient, fertilization, mineral element,

摘 要 ：以山地梨枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lizao)为试验材料，采用野外试验与室内分析，研究了黄土丘陵区山地滴灌下施用氮磷钾对矮化密植梨枣叶片8种营养元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn）季节动态变化规律以及施肥对梨枣生长，产量及品质的影响。结果表明：不同生育期梨枣叶片养分含量变化具有一定的规律性。开花坐果期（5月上旬至7月上旬），叶片N、P、K含量处较高水平，Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn含量处于较低水平。果实膨大期（7月中下旬到8月下旬），叶片N、P有一个相对稳定的含量，K快速下降，而Fe、Mn、Zn含量上升。果实成熟期（9月初到10月初），叶片N、P、K含量下降，Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn则是缓慢上升并趋于稳定。叶片N、P、K、Mn含量之间呈正相关，Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量之间也呈正相关关系，叶片N、P、K之间达极显著正相关关系，而N、P、K与Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量之间呈负相关关系。施氮肥可促进前期枣树新枝生长和枣果膨大；施磷肥可提高产量，达到33210 kg/hm2；施钾肥可明显提高枣果品质。

Abstract:To investigate the influence of different fertilization on jujube nutrients, field experiments were conducted in loess hilly-gully mountains, and pear-jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lizao) was used as experimental materials. The seasonal dynamic changes of eight kinds of nutrition elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe) of pear-jujube leaves were studied, and plant development, productivity and fruit quality of pear-jujube in different fertilizer application conditions were also examined. The results show that the contents of N, P and K of the pear-jujube at the blossom and fruit-set period (from early May to early July) are in higher levels, compared with Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn. Besides, the contents of N and P in leaves are relatively stable at the fruit enlargement period (from early July to late August); at the same time, K is declined drastically, while trace elements (Fe, Mn and Zn) have rising trends. At the fruit maturation stage (from early September to early October), the contents of N, P and K in leaves are decreased, whereas Fe, Mn and Zn are increased slowly or remained basically unchanged. So we conclude that there are positive correlations between N, P, K and Mn and between Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in leaves of jujube in the growth period. Furthermore the contents of N, P and K have significantly positive correlations, however, the content of N, P and K correlate negatively to Ca, Mg, Fe fertilizer can improve fruit yield to 33210 kg/ha; K fertilizer can improve fruit quality. Therefore, P and K fertilizer cooperating application can increase both yield and quality of the pear-jujube.

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