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作 者 ：余国泰;秦遂初

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 1998年 4卷 1期 页码：57-62

关键词：小麦；Al毒；有机肥；养分平衡；

摘 要 ：以交换性Al为1.83［1／3Al³⁺］cmol／kg的淋溶型水田砂质土（低Al毒）和交换性Al为6.05［1／3Al³⁺］cmol／kg的黄筋泥（红壤，高Al毒）为供试土壤，研究了有机肥对缓解小麦铝毒的效果。盆栽试验（均有充足N、P、K基肥）结果表明，小麦（扬表5号）在这两种土壤上均发生Al毒。在前一种土壤上生育不良，减产约一半左右，后一种土壤上几近绝收。施用生产中常量猪厩肥（约22.5／hm²），与施用石灰比较，在低Al毒土壤上，产量接近施石灰处理（90％～100％），能基本消除Al毒;在高Al毒土壤上，同样表现出一定的解Al毒效果，但还不够明显，产量只为石灰处理的1／4。土壤测定表明，施用猪厩肥使交换性Al下降18.1％～38.7％。植株分析也表明，吸收的Al相应减少。土壤Al毒明显抑制小麦对K、Ca、Mg的吸收;对S则有促进吸收的趋势;对N、P、Fe、Zn的吸收影响不大。在Al毒土壤上施用猪厩肥，不仅降低Al的吸入，并可减缓Al对小麦Ca、Mg、K吸收的抑制作用，有利于体内营养元素间的平衡。

Abstract:The leached sandy paddy soil with the exchangeable Al content of L 1.83[1/3 Al³⁺]cmol/kg(low Al toxic) and the soil on quaternary red clay with exehangeable Al content of 6. 05[1/3Al3+]cmol /kg (high Al toxic) were chosen as experimental soils. Pot experiment result showed that Al toxicity to wheat (Yangmai No.5) occured in two types of soils and the yield of wheat decreassed by about half or to almost zero under the condition of low or high Al toxicity. As for the effect of Al detoxicification, the yield of wheat due to the application of hog manure at the rate of 15g /kg(22. 5t /hm²) was approximately 90%～100% and 25% the yield of wheat on liming under the condition of low or high Al toxicity, respectively. The result of soil test had indicated that the exchangeable Al decreased by 0. 42～0. 60[1/3Al³⁺]cmol /kg and the absorption of wheat for Al reduced due to the application of hog manure.Al toxiclty in soil clearly inhibited the absorption of wheat for K, Ca and Mg, while S uptake were probably strenghened by Al toxicity in soil. N, P, Fe and Zn uptake did not seemed to be influenced manure. The inhibition of K, Ca and Mg uptake of wheat were mollified by applying hog manure.

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