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作 者 ：陈磊1;2;郝明德1;2;戚龙海1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2007年 13卷 6期 页码：1006-1012

关键词：长期定位试验；小麦；养分吸收量；土壤养分；

Keywords:wheat, long-term application of fertilizer, yield, fertilizer use efficiency,

摘 要 ：对1984年建立的长期试验田,分析了2005年小麦产量、养分吸收及土壤养分变化。结果表明,单施磷肥增产25.6%,单施氮肥增产48.1%,其吸氮、磷量也相应增加,但收获指数显著低于对照;氮磷配施增产幅度为101.3%3～02.8%,养分吸收量增加显著,最佳施肥量为N₂P₂(N.90.kg/hm²、P.56.4.kg/hm²)。施肥明显改变了耕层土壤养分的含量,也影响了养分在土壤剖面的分布。氮磷配施是培肥土壤的有效途径,耕层土壤全磷增加了8.3%～45.2%,速效磷增加54.8%9～17.8%。中等施氮(N.90.kg/hm²)水平下,随着磷的增加,耕层土壤全磷累积和施磷量的关系为y=0.002x-0.112。速效磷含量增加和磷肥用量的关系为y=9.6537Ln(x)-35.371,施肥对60.cm以下磷素影响较小。

Abstract:Based on 20 years of long-term experiment of applying fertilizer on continuous wheat in dry-land of Loess Plateau.Wheat yield,nutrient uptake and soil nutrient were analyzed in year 2005.The results showed that yield was increased by 25.6% and 48.1% with single application of P and N fertilizer,respectively.The N and P uptake was increased too,but the harvest index was decreased.The combination of N and P could increase yield by 101.3%-302.8% and nutrient uptake significantly.Soil nutrient content in surface soil(020 cm) and the distribution of nutrient in soil layer varied.The combination of N and P was an effective ways to soil fertility management.Total P and available P in soil increased by 8.3%-45.2% and 54.8%-917.8%,respectively.The relation between total P accumulation and the amount of P fertilizer applied was y = 0.002x-0.112,and the relation between available P and the amount of P fertilizer applied was y = 9.6537 ln(x)-35.371.The difference was not that significant in subsoil layer.

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