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作 者 ：卢艳丽;陆卫平;刘小兵;王继丰;刘萍;陆大雷;苏晖

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2007年 13卷 1期 页码：86-92

关键词：糯玉米；氮素转移率；基因型差异；

Keywords:waxy corn, nitrogen(N)translocation rate, genotypic differences,

摘 要 ：为了解糯玉米氮素分配转移规律及其与氮素吸收利用的关系,揭示氮素分配转移的基因型差异及其对产量形成的作用,本文在同一氮素供应水平下研究了31个糯玉米品种的氮素分配转移特性。结果表明,糯玉米生育期间氮素的分配中心是随生长中心转移而变化的,开花前主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,开花后氮素的分配中心开始由茎、叶转向雌穗,并逐渐以子粒建成为中心。糯玉米不同品种各器官氮素转移率及其对收获产品的贡献率存在显著差异。相关分析表明,氮素转移率主要影响产量、氮素利用效率及氮收获指数的高低,而对氮素吸收总量的影响较小。通径分析表明,鲜穗高产品种茎秆的氮素转移率较高,鲜子粒高产品种茎秆和雄穗的氮素转移率较高,成熟子粒高产品种叶片、苞叶及穗轴的氮素转移率均较高;叶片的氮素转移率高有利于品种鲜穗、鲜子粒及成熟子粒氮素利用效率的提高。属于高产、氮素吸收量大、氮素利用效率高基因型的6个品种,其鲜食期和成熟期的氮素总转移率平均值分别为25.53%和47.60%,比其他品种分别高27.48%和22.94%;鲜食期和成熟期的子粒氮收获指数平均值分别为0.35和0.62,比其他品种分别高8.43%和9.90%。

Abstract:In order to understand the regularity of nitrogen(N)distribution and translocation and their effects on N absorption and utilization,explain the genotypic differences of N distribution and translocation and their effects on the yield formation,31 waxy corn(Zea mays L.ceratina Kulesh)varieties released in recent years in China were selected to analyze their characteristics of N distribution and translocation under same nitrogen fertilization condition.The results showed that the N distribution centre changed with the shift of the growth centre.N mainly distributed in leaf and culm before silking stage,then the N distribution centre transferred to ear after silking stage,and then transferred to kernel formation gradually.Moreover,there were significant differences of N translocation rate and its contribution on production in different organ among different varieties,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that N translocation rate primarily affected on yield,N utilization efficiency and N harvest index,but it had slight effect on total N.Path analysis showed that N translocation rate of culm was higher for the high fresh ear yield varieties,while the N translocation rate of culm and tassel was higher for the high fresh kernel yield varieties,and the N translocation rate of leaf,bracteal leaf and ear axis was higher for the high kernel yield varieties.In addition,higher N translocation rate of leaf had a beneficial effect on N utilization efficiency as for fresh ear,fresh kernel or maturity kernel of the produce of waxy corn.Six varieties,Feng nuo 2146,Jing ke nuo 267,Hu yu nuo 3,Jing ke nuo 218,Qian nuo 668 and Jing ke nuo 2000,were classified as high yield and high N utilization efficiency among 31 waxy corn varieties,with an average N translocation rate of 25.53% in the fresh ear stage,and an average N translocation rate of 47.60% in the maturity stage,which were 27.48% and 22.94% higher than that of other varieties,respectively.In addition,the average N harvest index in the fresh ear stage and the maturity stage were 0.35 and 0.62,which were 8.43% and 9.90% higher than that of other varieties,respectively.

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