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作 者 ：陈磊1;2;郝明德2;张少民1;樊虎玲1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2007年 13卷 2期 页码：262-266

关键词：长期施肥；旱地；小麦；养分吸收；土壤肥力；

Keywords:long-term fertilization, dry-land, wheat, nutrient uptake, soil fertility.,

摘 要 ：通过定位试验研究了长期施肥对小麦子粒、秸杆养分吸收和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明,合理施用化肥不但增产幅度大,还在一定程度上增加了小麦N、P、K养分浓度。单施氮、单施磷肥能增加小麦子粒和秸杆的N、P、K吸收量,氮磷肥配施增加效果显著,其子粒吸收N、P、K增加了153.2%、157.1%和162.4%。施有机肥能补充土壤中的N、P、K含量,增加小麦子粒中的养分含量,使品质有大幅度的提高。单施磷肥的土壤有机质、全P、速效P含量增加,土壤全N、速效N含量减少,N素亏缺。氮磷肥配施加剧了土壤K的亏缺。有机肥培肥作用显著,有机肥和氮、磷肥配施的土壤有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P和速效K分别增加了69.0%5、7.5%、54.8%、73.1%、830.5%和119.1%。

Abstract:Based on a 20-years long-term fertilization experiment with fixed site on continuous wheat in Changwu,Shaanxi Province,the effect of long-term fertilizer application on the soil fertility and wheat nutrient uptake was studied.Results showed that rational use of chemical fertilizer not only increased wheat yield,but also increased N,P and K content in wheat to some extent.Single applying chemical fertilizer increased N,P and K uptake in wheat and straw,but the combination of N and P had a more pronounced effect,which increased by 143.3%,186.4% and 171.6% in N,P and K uptake in seeds,respectively.The combination of N,P and manure improved soil N,P and K content,increased nutrient content in grain and improved grain quality.Soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased,while total N and available N were decreased in single phosphorus treatment.The combined application of N,P and manure made the soil organic matter,total N,total P,available N,available P,available potassium increased by 69.0%,57.5%,54.8%,73.1%,830.5% and 119.1%,respectively.It indicated that applying manure could increase soil fertility.

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