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作 者 ：王才斌1;吴正锋1;刘俊华2;杨伟强1;卢俊玲3;郭峰1;成波1;郑亚萍1;陈殿绪1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2007年 13卷 5期 页码：915-919

关键词：氮水平；花生；硝酸盐；

Keywords:N rates, peanut, nitrate,

摘 要 ：采用盆栽试验,研究了不同供氮水平对花生植株硝酸盐累积、分布及产量的影响。结果表明,花生荚果产量随施氮量的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势,当施用量为N.150.9.kg/hm²时产量最高;植株硝酸盐含量、累积量和累积速率基本随施氮量的增加而提高。同一氮素水平,不同器官的硝酸盐含量因生育期不同存在较大差异,幼苗和花针期茎中的含量最高,饱果成熟期地下器官的含量明显高于地上器官;全生育期叶片和茎中的硝酸盐含量随生育进程逐步降低,而子仁和果壳中含量逐步增加;收获时硝酸盐在茎中的分配比例随施氮量的增加而提高,在根中的分配比例下降。在一定的氮素水平内(≤N135.kg/hm²),硝酸盐在子仁中的分配比例与供氮水平一致,但过量施氮会导致在营养体中的比例上升,子仁中的比例下降,其它器官规律不明显。在本试验范围内,子仁及其它器官中的硝酸盐含量均未超出WHO和FAO制定的标准,未造成硝酸盐污染;但过量施氮能够显著提高花生荚果和耕层土壤硝酸盐含量。因此,综合考虑花生品质、单位肥料的增产量以及生态效应,花生适宜的施氮量为N.90.kg/hm²。

Abstract:Pot experiment was conducted to understand the influence of N rates on accumulation and distribution of nitrate and yield in peanut.Results showed that the pod yield increased quadratically with N rate and the maximum yield could be reached at the N rate of 150.9 kg/ha.The relative content,accumulated amount and accumulating rate of nitrate in peanut plant increased with N rate.The nitrate content in various organs,at the same N level,differed with growth stages.The content was high in stem at seedling stage and pegging stage and in underground-organs at pod-filling stage.Nitrate content decreased in leaves and stems and increased in pod with plant growth and development.At maturing stage,increasing N rate could result in an increase of the distribution percentage of nitrate in stem and kernel(N≤135 kg/ha) while a decrease in root and no obvious trend in other organs.The excessive application of N(for example,N180 kg/ha) may increase the distribution percentage in vegetable part and reduce that in kernel.The nitrate content of kernels and all other organs for all treatments was less than the nitrate-content standard set up by WHO and FAO,indicating no nitrate pollution in peanut products.But excessive N was able to greatly enhance the nitrate concentration in both peanut products and tillage layer of soil.The suggested N rate was 90 kg/ha that would optimize yield,quality of product and ecological effect.

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