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Community Characteristics and Species Diversity of Alsophila spinulosa in Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve

赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区桫椤群落特征及物种多样性研究



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,2016,36(6):1225-1232
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
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(犘犺狔犾犾狅狊狋犪犮犺狔狊犺犲狋犲狉狅犮狔犮犾犪cv.狆狌犫犲狊犮犲狀狊)ànoҖáÏÐâ£w·EãáÄ;ÕÐÌw,novŽ¸$};Ö1
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犆狅犿犿狌狀犻狋狔犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊犪狀犱犛狆犲犮犻犲狊犇犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔狅犳犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪
犻狀犆犺犻狊犺狌犻犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪犖犪狋犻狅狀犪犾犖犪狋狌狉犲犚犲狊犲狉狏犲
ZONGXiuhong1,ZHANGHuayu1,WANGXin1,LIZongfeng1,WUHongying2,
LIANGSheng2,DENGHongping1
(1KeyLaboratoryofEcoEnvironmentsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegion(MinistryofEducation),SchoolofLifeSciences,
SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing400715,China;2ChishuiAlsophila NationalNatureReserveAdministration,Chishui,
Guizhou564700,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪isamesozoicancientrelicspecieswhichunderthesecond-gradestatepro
tection.犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪anditshabitatistheprotectionobjectofChishuiAlsophilaNationalNatureReserve
ofGuizhou.This犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪populationisoneofthepopulationswiththemostabundantandthelargest
distribution.Ecologicalandfloristicmethodswereusedtostudythespeciesdiversity,floristicelements,
lifeformspectrumandcommunitystructure.Theresultsshowthat:(1)atotalof122species,96genera
and60familieswerefoundinthecommunity,amongthemtherewere17fernspecies,belongingto14gen
eraand12families,2gymnospermsbelongingto2generaand2families,and103angiospermsbelonging
to80generaand46families;(2)thefamiliesandgenerafloristiccompositionwascomplexwithvarious
types,thefloristiccharacteristicsweremainlyinfluencedbypantropic,folowedbytemperate,whichre
flecteditstransitionalcharacteristic;(3)the mainlifeform distribution wasphanerophytes,about
57.38%,whichreflectedthatthephanerophyteslifeformswerethedominantinmidsubtropicalforest;
(4)verticalstratificationwasobvious,treeswiththeheightbetween4mand12mhadthehighestpropor
tionabout76.64%,shrubswiththeheightbetween2mand3mhadthehighestproportionof69.78%,
andherbswiththeheightbetween0-0.2mhadthehighestproportion,thelevelisobvious;(5)犘犺狔犾
犾狅狊狋犪犮犺狔狊犺犲狋犲狉狅犮狔犮犾犪cv.狆狌犫犲狊犮犲狀狊and犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪werethedominanttreespecies;犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪wasthe
dominantspeciesofshrublayer;犇狉狔狅狆狋犲狉犻狊犲狉狔狋犺狉狅狊狅狉犪and犛犲犾犪犵犻狀犲犾犾犪狌狀犮犻狀犪狋犪werethemainherbs.
Theresultofspeciesrichnessanalysiswastreelayer<shrublayer<herbaceouslayer.Diversityindex
anduniformityanalysisshownaggregateddistributionfortreelayeranditsrelativelysimplecomposition.
Thedistributionformsofshrubandherblayerswereuniformwithlowabundance.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪community;speciesdiversity;flora;lifeform;communitydiversity.
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Table1 Statisticsofspeciescompositionin犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪communityinChishui
/²Type
Œ
Familynumber
ÓÔ
Rate/%
°Œ
Genusnumber
ÓÔ
Rate/%

Speciesnumber
ÓÔ
Rate/%
±²#$
fern 12 20 14 14.58 17 13.93
³3#$
Gymnosperm 2 3 2 2.08 2 1.64
´3#$
Angiosperm
ò3«#$
Monocotyledonous 8 13 17 17.71 21 17.21
ö3«#$
Dicotyledonous 38 63 63 65.63 82 67.21

Total 60 100 96 100.00 122 100.00
72216o          <=>,š:lmno*+pqrNO_nožŸÁ$} ¡BC
j2 4567@AgEm、noSp?Tb
Table2 Distributiontypesoffamilies,generain犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪communityinChishui
¤Ù_²¦Arealtype
Œ
Familynumber
·¦‰ŠƒŒ1
¤ÓPercentage/%
°ŒGenus
number
·¦‰Š°ƒŒ1
¤ÓPercentage/%
1‰Š¤ÙCosmopolitan 11 ——— 9 ———
22µ¶¤ÙPantropic 35 71.43 27 31.03
3µ¶È3à43Ø5¤ÙTrop.Asia&Trop.Amer.disjuncted 1 2.04 4 4.60
46‰Šµ¶¤ÙOldWorldTropics 2 4.08 12 13.79
5µ¶È3Y73¤ÙTrop.Asia&Trop.Australasia 0 0.00 4 4.60
6µ¶È3¦3¤ÙTrop.AsiatoTrop.Africa 0 0.00 9 10.34
7µ¶È3(8ë9U!È)¤ÙTrop.Asia(IndoMalesia) 1 2.04 11 12.64
8"º¶¤ÙNorthTemperate 8 16.33 8 9.20
9–Èà"4Ø5¤ÙE.Asia&N.Amer.disjuncted 1 2.04 0 0.00
14–ȤÙE.Asia 1 2.04 11 12.64
15w*Áˆ¤ÙEndemictoChina 0 0.00 1 1.15
ƒŒ

ýù‰Š¤Ù
)Total(Excludedthecosmopolitan) 49 100.00 87 100.00
ƒŒ36.89%;‚»wš°,®25°,·ƒ°Œ†
26.04%,­ù#$29},·nožŸ#$ƒŒ
23.77%。G°†m.‹!,žŸ96°¤°610
}²¦

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Ÿ#$ƒ°Œ

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†77.01%,]::;
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犮狅狊)š;º¶¤Ù(«2,8~14¦)®¯19°,·n
ožŸ#$ƒ°Œ

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犮狌狊)š。G°†m.U!,‚ºµÓ-(R/T)v
0.28,µ¶£¤·¸¹,& «¬–BC_z¤Ù²
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Fig.1 Lifeformspectraof犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪
communityinChishui
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j3 4567@AvEFwxyogqrsDzSp
Table3 Heightdistributionofdifferentlayersof
犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪communityinChishui
:;Item #ÒÃëHeight/m
¤ÙÓÔ
Distributionproportion/%
ÏÐÌ
Treelayer
1<h≤4 17.02
4<h≤8 39.6
8<h≤12 37.04
12<h≤16 6.34
ÕÐÌ
Shrublayer
0<h≤1 3.11
1<h≤2 27.11
2<h≤3 69.78
Ö1Ì
Herbaceouslayer
0<h≤0.2 30.98
0.2<h≤0.4 29.35
0.4<h≤0.6 20.65
0.6<h≤1.4 19.02
•ÈÔJ

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(犕犪犲狊犪犿狅狀狋犪狀犪)、ÞX
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Table4 Importancevaluesoftreelayer,shrublayerand
herbaceouslayerin犃.狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪communityinChishui
Ì»
Layer
$}
Species
dF-
犐犞
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Treelayer
Þß犘犺狔犾犾狅狊狋犪犮犺狔狊犺犲狋犲狉狅犮狔犮犾犪 0.551
no犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪 0.147
$%犕狌狊犪犫犪狊犼狅狅 0.062
PQ犅狉犪狊狊犪犻狅狆狊犻狊犵犾狅犿犲狉狌犾犪狋犪 0.045
O«Ð犔犪狊犻犪狀狋犺狌狊犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 0.037
RST犆犪狊犲犪狉犻犪犫犪犾犪狀狊犪犲 0.038
ÞX犕犪犾犾狅狋狌狊犫犪狉犫犪狋狌狊 0.019
nß犖犲狅狊犻狀狅犮犪犾犪犿狌狊犪犳犳犻狀犻狊 0.01
oX犞犲狉狀犻犮犻犪犳狅狉犱犻犻 0.01
VW犕犪犲狊犪犿狅狀狋犪狀犪 0.008
ÕÐÌ
Shrublayer
no犃犾狊狅狆犺犻犾犪狊狆犻狀狌犾狅狊犪 0.326
$%犕狌狊犪犫犪狊犼狅狅 0.149
Þß犘犺狔犾犾狅狊狋犪犮犺狔狊犺犲狋犲狉狅犮狔犮犾犪 0.08
RST犆犪狊犲犪狉犻犪犫犪犾犪狀狊犪犲 0.077
PQ犅狉犪狊狊犪犻狅狆狊犻狊犵犾狅犿犲狉狌犾犪狋犪 0.072
O«Ð犔犪狊犻犪狀狋犺狌狊犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 0.034
VW犕犪犲狊犪犿狅狀狋犪狀犪 0.032
ÞX犕犪犾犾狅狋狌狊犫犪狉犫犪狋狌狊 0.032
äªpqr犃犮狋犻狀狅犱犪狆犺狀犲犮狌狆狌犾犪狉犻狊 0.02
stuvw犛犮犺犲犳犳犾犲狉犪犱犲犾犪狏犪狔犻 0.022
Ö1Ì
Herbaceouslayer
äåæÞ±犇狉狔狅狆狋犲狉犻狊犲狉狔狋犺狉狅狊狅狉犪 0.071
çèÖ犛犲犾犪犵犻狀犲犾犾犪狌狀犮犻狀犪狋犪 0.065
ß«Ö犗狆犾犻狊犿犲狀狌狊犮狅犿狆狅狊犻狋狌狊 0.06
èd犛犲犾犪犵犻狀犲犾犾犪狋犪犿犪狉犻狊犮犻狀犪 0.04
xyzÖ犌狅犾犱犳狌狊狊犻犪狆犲狀狋狊狋犲犿狅狀狅犻犱犲狊 0.039
{«:;Ö犛犲狋犪狉犻犪狆犾犻犮犪狋犪 0.035
efÖ犈犾犪狋狅狊狋犲犿犪犻狀狏狅犾狌犮狉犪狋狌犿 0.036
|}~犚犺狔狀犮犺狅狋犲犮犺狌犿狅犫狅狏犪狋狌犿 0.033
Œ€犚狌犫狌狊犫狌犲狉犵犲狉犻 0.027
‚ƒ犌狅狀狅狊狋犲犵犻犪犺犻狉狋犪 0.025
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