全 文 :书!"#$%&
,2016,36(4):0757-0765
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
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Îm§Ï%ÐÑ
(犉狏/犉犿)、§Ï%ÒÓ (狇犘)、wÔ§Ï%ÐÑ (ΦPSⅡ)Õ֧ׯØÙ
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Õð·PSⅡë`<ñòaµ,Ƚóô©ÀÁ¹_`;(3)Èæõ>ö
¹ΦPSⅡ(13.64%~23.53%)狇犘(6.12%~11.11%),µ÷ö犖犘犙ø(9.76%~12.82%)(犘<0.05),Õð
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犉犾狌狅狉犲狊犮犲狀犮犲犓犻狀犲狋犻犮犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅犳犛狑犻狋犮犺犵狉犪狊狊犻狀犕犻狓狋狌狉犲狌狀犱犲狉
犇犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犛狅犻犾犠犪狋犲狉犪狀犱犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀犆狅狀犱犻狋犻狅狀狊
HUOLijuan1,DINGWenli1,GAOZhijuan1,SUGuoxia1,WANGZhi1,2,XUBingcheng1,2
(1StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingontheLoessPlateau,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling
Shaanxi712100,China;2InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesandMinistryofWaterRe
sources,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Toclarifythephysiologicalcharacteristicsofswitchgrassasanintroducedspeciesinsemiaridre
gion,weinvestigateditsleaffluorescencecharacteristicswhenmixedwitholdworldbluestematfiveden
sities(i.e.0∶8,2∶6,4∶4,6∶2,8∶0)undershorttermwaterstress[soilmoisturecontentsdeclined
from80%to20%FC(fieldcapacityis80%)andthenrehydrateto80%FC]andtwonitrogentreatments
(N0and0.1gN·kg-1addition)inapotexperiment.Resultsshowedthat:(1)Themaximalphotochemi
calefficiency(犉狏/犉犿),PSⅡactualquantumyield(ΦPSⅡ),apparentelectrontransportrate(犈犜犚)and
photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(狇犘)ofswitchgrassdecreasedgradualywithsoilwaterdrying,and
recoveredtothesamelevelaswiththecontrolplantsintheseconddayafterrewatering.(2)犈犜犚value
ofswitchgrasswassignificantlyhigherinmonocultureunderbothNfertilizertreatments,and狇犘value
wassignificantlyhigherinmonoculturethanthoseinmixtureundernitrogenadditiontreatment,andvise
versafornonphotochemicalquenchingcoefficient(犖犘犙)value,indicatingthattheactivityofPSⅡreac
tiondeclinedinmixture,andswitchgrasshadhighercompetitionabilityundermixture.(3)ΦPSⅡand狇P
valuesofswitchgrassincreased13.64%-23.53%and6.12%-11.11%,respectively,and犖犘犙valuede
creased9.76%-12.82%underNadditiontreatment,whichindicatedthatNcouldimprovethelightener
gyuseefficiencyandcompetitiveabilityofswitchgrass.Ourresultssuggestedthatswitchgrasshavestrong
adaptationwhenmixedwitholdworldbluestemunderdifferentsoilwaterandNapplicationtreatments,
andNadditioncouldincreaseitscompetitiveabilitytothecomponentspecies.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:switchgrass;mixtureratio;droughtresistance;rewatering;nitrogenfertilizer
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(ΦPSⅡ)、ÕÖ;ØÙÚÛÑ (犈犜犚)、§Ï%<ÓÃ
(狇犘)、é§Ï%<Óà (犖犘犙)。
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(
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èH
Zf B6L2 ¹oq®~¯fÏOÈæbc(?1,
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oq®~¯¡Ò²76.46%、78.41%、77.50%、
78.46%,N1 U¡Ò² 77.49%、76.72%、
83.33%、80.66%。)*¬t6d·,N0 UÞ
oq®~¯¡Òµ¶19.97%、23.88%、
18.67%、19.45% (?1,a);N1 U,B0L8、B2L6
B4L4 oq®~¯¡Òµ¶20.23%、
19.84%、18.02%,2B6L2 4d·oq®~
¯µ¶Î÷ø
(22.32%)(?1,b)。I_ó,N1
Uoq~¡µÛLJçN0 U。
2.2 tu>svwx (犉v/犉m)
)Õ1、?2âK,C¡®~ (WW)ß,
U¿Þ¹£¤¥¦§¨ø,
@n
。N0 U,犉v/犉m ø»å (É
B0L8 )Î>ìÈæ>çB6L2 。
DRW U,Þ<¹犉v/犉m
øɬtÊËÌͳ´µ
,
ô<N0 U,Þ
¹犉v/犉m øáç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷ø,
»B0L8、B4L4 Èæ>çB6L2," WWUÈæµ÷
a.N0U;b.N1U;0dÈÕ
7½25ÿ;B.b;L.;¾
?1 ¾þÿoq®~¯LVfÏ
arepresentsnonitrogenadditionN0treatment;brepresents
nitrogenadditionN1treatment;0dmeansJuly25th;
Brepresentsoldworldbluestem;Lrepresentsswitchgrass;
Thesameasbelow
Fig.1 Dailychangesofsoilwatercontentunderdifferent
mixtureratios
9574« GHI,[:£¤¥¦§¨¿©~þÿ¹º`;ª
Ⅰ~Ⅳ¡ÒÈÕB0L8、B2L6、B4L4、B6L2 ¦§¨Éoq
®~¯fϹº`
,ⅤÈÕoq®~¯µ¶Î÷ß¹¦§¨
;WWÈÕC¡®~,DRWÈÕt·i~;N0 ÈÕ,N1 È
Õ
;
mMNOÕ½¾,H¡U±bcÈæ
,
îMN
OÕ½¾,H¡U±bcÈæ
(犘<0.05);¾
?2 ¾¿H¡UÎm§Ï%o¯
(犉狏/犉犿)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Ⅰ~Ⅳrepresenttheresponseofchlorophylfluorescenceparameters
ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderB0L8,B2L6,B4L4,B6L2
respectively;Ⅴrepresentschlorophylfluorescenceparametersof
switchgrassunderthelowestsoilwatercontent;WW meansade
quatewatersupplytreatment;DRWmeansdryfromadequatewater
supplyandtherewateredtreatments;N0 meansnonitrogenaddi
tion;N1meansnitrogenaddition.Uppercaselettersindicatesignifi
cantdifferencebetweennitrogentreatmentsundersamemixturerati
o,lowercaselettersindicatesignificantdifferenceamongmixturera
tiosundersamenitrogentreatment(犘<0.05);Thesameasbelow
Fig.2 Responseofthemaximumphotochemicalefficiency
(犉狏/犉犿)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
?3 ¾H¡UwÔ§Ï%o¯
(ΦPSⅡ)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.3 Responseoftheactivephotochemicalefficiency
(ΦPSⅡ)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
6.33%~7.89%。N1 U,Þ¹犉v/犉m
ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d
(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,» B0L8 Èæ>ç B6L2,"
WWUÈæµ÷3.80%~6.41%。i~·hi
¶ WW ~ä,H¡U±GÈæbc。i~·Ü
2 Ý ¹ 犉v/犉m ø ê ç WW ¹ 98.69%
~100.58%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß
,
Èæõ>öB6L2
¹犉v/犉m ø4.29%。Õð~¡、»¿
©¹犉v/犉m øOÈæ&º (犘<0.05)。
2.3 yz>svwx (ΦPSⅡ)
)Õ1、?3âK,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 U
067 ! " # $ % & 36Ù
{1 CS、D|}45~A0B789:;<=>?@GH
Table1 moisture,nitrogen,mixtureratiosandtheirinteractiveeffectonthechlorophylfluorescencekineticparameters
ofswitchgrass
fc]Sourceofvariation df 犉狏/犉犿 狇犘 犖犘犙 ΦPSⅡ 犈犜犚
oq~¡Soilmoisture 1 67.997 402.066 779.126 472.749 856.865
Nitrogenfertilizer 1 4.496 21.613 137.604 41.538 36.986
Mixedproportion 3 4.698 16.387 20.130 19.376 71.733
oq~¡×
Soilmoisture× Nitrogenfertilizer 1 2.798 6.446
10.357 4.201 0.792
oq~¡×
Soilmoisture× Mixedproportion 3 0.369 3.061
2.939 0.819 3.189
×
Nitrogenfertilizer× Mixedproportion 3 0.394 1.215 1.424 1.227 0.274
×oq~¡×
Nitrogenfertilizer×Soilmoisture× Mixedproportion 3 0.251 0.302 0.047 0.970 0.075
P:Õ½bcÈæ (犘<0.05),Õ½bcQÈæ (犘<0.01)。
Notes:indicatessignificantdifference(犘<0.05),indicatesextremelysignificantdifference(犘<0.01).
,ΦPSⅡø»åÈæ>çB4L4 B6L2,B2L6 È
æ>çB6L2。DRW U,Þ<
¹ΦPSⅡøRÕ!óªd¹S>èf WW GÈæb
c
,
+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´µ
,
ô< N0 U
,
Þ¹ΦPSⅡøáç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷
ø
,
ì» B6L2 ÈæÎ÷," WW UÈæµ÷
31.25%~39.29%。N1 U,Þ¹ΦPSⅡ ø
¡Òç)*¬t·6d (B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d
(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,»B0L8 Èæ>çB4L4、B6L2,
B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2," WW UÈæµ÷23.53%
~34.38%。i~·hi¶ WW ~ä,H¡U
±GÈæbc
。
i~·Ü2ݹΦPSⅡ øêç
WW ¹95.09%~105.00%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß
,
Èæõ>öÞ¹
ΦPSⅡ ø,¡ Ò õ > 22.73%、13.64%、15.0%、
23.53%。Õð~¡、、»¿~
¡¹@AY©¹ΦPSⅡøáOÈæ&º (犘
<0.05)。
2.4 {
>nx (犈犜犚)
)Õ1、?4â»Tó,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0
U
,犈犜犚ø»å¿B2L6 ÈæÎ>。N1 U
,犈犜犚ø»åÈæ>çB4L4 B6L2,B2L6 È
æ>ç B6L2。DRW U,Þ<¹
犈犜犚øRÕ!óªd¹S>èf WW GÈæb
c
,
+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´µ
,
ô< N0 U
,
Þ¹犈犜犚øáç)*¬t·6dµ¶
Î÷ø
,
»B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2,"
WW UÈæµ÷30.55%~44.70%。N1 U
,
Þ¹犈犜犚 ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d
(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,»
B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2," WW U
Èæµ÷24.42%~39.43%。i~·hi¶ WW
~ä
,
H¡U±GÈæbc
。
i~·Ü2ݹ
犈犜犚øêç WW ¹94.14%~110.98%。oq
®~¯Î÷ß
,
Èæõ>öB0L8 ¹犈犜犚
16.22%。Õð~¡、、»¿~¡f
¹@AY©¹犈犜犚øOÈæ&º
(犘<0.05)。
2.5 >sv (狇犘)
Õ1、?5Ƚ,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 U
,狇犘ø»B4L4 ÈæÎ÷。N1 U,狇犘ø»å
Èæ>çB6L2。DRW U,Þ<
¹狇犘 øRÕ!óªd¹S>ìf WW ó!
Èæbc
,
+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´µ
,
ÊË2d
%fÏUv
,
ô< N0 U,Þ¹狇犘 ø
áç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷ø,»B0L8、B2L6 È
æ>çB4L4、B6L2," WW UÈæµ÷19.35%
~28.33%。N1 U,Þ¹狇犘 ø¡Ò
ç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d(B6L2)
µ¶Î÷ø
,
»B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B6L2 ÈæÎ÷,"
WW UÈæµ÷12.70%~21.67%。i~·h
i¶ WW~ä,H¡U±GÈæbc。i~·
Ü 2 Ý ¹ 狇犘 ø ê ç WW ¹ 101.59%
~104.80%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß
,
Èæõ>öÞ¹
狇犘 ø,¡ Ò õ > 10.00%、6.12%、11.11%、
9.30%。Õð~¡、、»¿f~¡、
~¡f¹@AY©¹狇犘øáO
1674« GHI,[:£¤¥¦§¨¿©~þÿ¹º`;ª
?4 ¾¿H¡UÕ֧ׯØÙÚ
ÛÑ
(犈犜犚)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.4 Responseoftheapparentelectrontransportrate
(犈犜犚)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
Èæ&º
(犘<0.05)。
2.6 >sv (犖犘犙)
Õ1、?6Ƚ,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 U
,犖犘犙ø»B6L2 Èæ>çå¿B2L6。N1
U
,犖犘犙ø»åÈæÎ÷。N1 UÞ
犖犘犙øÈæ>ç N0 U¹。DRW U
,
Þ<¹犖犘犙øRÕ!óªd
¹µ÷ìf WW ó!Èæbc,+·É¬tÊËÌ
ͳ´S>
,
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,
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¹犖犘犙øáç)*¬t·6dS¶Î>ø,
?5 ¾H¡U§Ï%ÒÓ
(狇犘)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.5 Responseofthephotochemicalquenching
coefficient(狇犘)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchange
u nderdifferentmixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
»B6L2 B4L4 Èæ>çB0L8 B2L6," WW
UÈæS>25.81%~32.31%。N1 U,Þ
¹犖犘犙ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、
B4L4)、4d(B6L2)S¶Î>ø,»B6L2 B4L4 Èæ
>çB0L8 B2L6," WWUÈæS>22.41%~
28.33%。i~·hi¶ WW~ä,H¡U±G
Èæbc
。
i~·Ü2ݹ犖犘犙øêç WW¹
91.08%~104.88%。oq®~¯Î÷ß,Èæ
µ÷ ö Þ ¹ 犖犘犙 ø,¡ Ò µ ÷ 12.82%、
10.13%、9.76%、10.47%。Õð~¡、、
»¿f~¡
、
~¡f¹@AY©
267 ! " # $ % & 36Ù
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(犖犘犙)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.6 Responseofthenonphotochemicalquenching
coefficient(犖犘犙)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchange
underdifferentmixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
¹犖犘犙øáOÈæ&º (犘<0.05)。
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,
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,
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,
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[29]。
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,
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[26]。
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[3032]。
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å犖犘犙²Ü4Ý),Þ<狇犘øó!ª
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tÊËOçõ>PSⅡë`<ñ!ä[32]。É
ÊË*LÌÍ
,狇犘 øµ2犖犘犙 óS,ΦPSⅡ
,
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,
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VB2L6 =ôW,N1 U,å¹狇犘
犖犘犙 ¡ÒÈæ>ç÷ç (犘<0.05),Õð
·W)tu)¹§ù§×Äz
,
Ƚö©ÀÁ¹_`
,
<Õð©å
犖犘犙¹&º*Lmç。
4 Æ Y
ºó,¬tÊË,¹犉狏/犉犿、狇犘、
ΦPSⅡ犈犜犚øá³´µ,i~·Ü2ÝÞßàh
iã©~ä
,
ÕðO"ü¹$t_`a
。
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,
å¹犈犜犚 Èæ
>ç
,
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犖犘犙êë (犘<0.05),ÕðPSⅡ
ë`<ñòaµ
,
ìíîµ*Lím
,
Ƚöô©ÀÁ¹_`
。
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,
Èæõ>öÞ¹ΦPSII(13.64%~
23.53%)狇犘 (6.12%~11.11%),µ÷ 犖犘犙
(9.76%~12.82%)(犘<0.05),Õðùõ>ô
§×ùú
,
ûüfb¹ÀÁùú
。
wvð
,
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:
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eters[J].犃犮狋犪犃犵狉犲狊狋犻犪犛犻狀犻犮犪,2011,19(1):3137.
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