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Fluorescence Kinetic Characteristics of Switchgrass in Mixture under Different Soil Water and Nitrogen Conditions

混播下柳枝稷叶绿素荧光参数及对水氮条件的响应特征



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,2016,36(4):0757-0765
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HUOLijuan1,DINGWenli1,GAOZhijuan1,SUGuoxia1,WANGZhi1,2,XUBingcheng1,2
(1StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingontheLoessPlateau,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling
Shaanxi712100,China;2InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesandMinistryofWaterRe
sources,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Toclarifythephysiologicalcharacteristicsofswitchgrassasanintroducedspeciesinsemiaridre
gion,weinvestigateditsleaffluorescencecharacteristicswhenmixedwitholdworldbluestematfiveden
sities(i.e.0∶8,2∶6,4∶4,6∶2,8∶0)undershorttermwaterstress[soilmoisturecontentsdeclined
from80%to20%FC(fieldcapacityis80%)andthenrehydrateto80%FC]andtwonitrogentreatments
(N0and0.1gN·kg-1addition)inapotexperiment.Resultsshowedthat:(1)Themaximalphotochemi
calefficiency(犉狏/犉犿),PSⅡactualquantumyield(ΦPSⅡ),apparentelectrontransportrate(犈犜犚)and
photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(狇犘)ofswitchgrassdecreasedgradualywithsoilwaterdrying,and
recoveredtothesamelevelaswiththecontrolplantsintheseconddayafterrewatering.(2)犈犜犚value
ofswitchgrasswassignificantlyhigherinmonocultureunderbothNfertilizertreatments,and狇犘value
wassignificantlyhigherinmonoculturethanthoseinmixtureundernitrogenadditiontreatment,andvise
versafornonphotochemicalquenchingcoefficient(犖犘犙)value,indicatingthattheactivityofPSⅡreac
tiondeclinedinmixture,andswitchgrasshadhighercompetitionabilityundermixture.(3)ΦPSⅡand狇P
valuesofswitchgrassincreased13.64%-23.53%and6.12%-11.11%,respectively,and犖犘犙valuede
creased9.76%-12.82%underNadditiontreatment,whichindicatedthatNcouldimprovethelightener
gyuseefficiencyandcompetitiveabilityofswitchgrass.Ourresultssuggestedthatswitchgrasshavestrong
adaptationwhenmixedwitholdworldbluestemunderdifferentsoilwaterandNapplicationtreatments,
andNadditioncouldincreaseitscompetitiveabilitytothecomponentspecies.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:switchgrass;mixtureratio;droughtresistance;rewatering;nitrogenfertilizer
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oq®~¯¡Ò²76.46%、78.41%、77.50%、
78.46%,N1 šUž¡Ò² 77.49%、76.72%、
83.33%、80.66%。)*¬t6d·,N0 šUžÞ
“”oq®~¯¡Òžµ¶19.97%、23.88%、
18.67%、19.45% (?1,a);N1 šUž,B0L8、B2L6
B4L4 “”oq®~¯¡Òžµ¶20.23%、
19.84%、18.02%,2B6L2 “”ž4d·oq®~
¯µ¶Î÷ø
(22.32%)(?1,b)。I_ó,N1 š
Užoq~¡žµÛLJçN0 šU。
2.2 tu>svwx (犉v/犉m)
)Õ1、?2âK,C¡®~ (WW)ß,–˜™
šU¿Þ“”•ž‹Œ¹£¤¥¦§¨ø,
@n 
。N0 šUž,犉v/犉m ø»‹Œå” (É
B0L8 •)Î>ìÈæ>çB6L2 “”。
DRW šUž,ޓ”•<‹Œ¹犉v/犉m
øɬtÊËÌͳ´žµ

ô<N0 šUž,ޓ
”•¹犉v/犉m øáç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷ø,
»B0L8、B4L4 Èæ>çB6L2," WWšUÈæµ÷
a.›œ˜N0šU;b.œ˜N1šU;0dÈÕ
7½25ÿ;B.‰Šb;L.‹Œ;ž¾
?1 ›¾“”þÿžoq®~¯LVfÏ
arepresentsnonitrogenadditionN0treatment;brepresents
nitrogenadditionN1treatment;0dmeansJuly25th;
Brepresentsoldworldbluestem;Lrepresentsswitchgrass;
Thesameasbelow
Fig.1 Dailychangesofsoilwatercontentunderdifferent
mixtureratios
9574«           GHI,[:“”ž‹Œ£¤¥¦§¨¿©~˜þÿ¹º`;ª
Ⅰ~Ⅳ¡ÒÈÕB0L8、B2L6、B4L4、B6L2 ž‹Œ¦§¨Éoq
®~¯fϹº`
,ⅤÈÕoq®~¯µ¶Î÷ß¹‹Œ¦§¨
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îMN
OÕ½¾,H¡šUž“”•±bcÈæ
(犘<0.05);ž¾
?2 ›¾“”•¿H¡šUž‹ŒÎm§Ï%o¯
(犉狏/犉犿)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Ⅰ~Ⅳrepresenttheresponseofchlorophylfluorescenceparameters
ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderB0L8,B2L6,B4L4,B6L2
respectively;Ⅴrepresentschlorophylfluorescenceparametersof
switchgrassunderthelowestsoilwatercontent;WW meansade
quatewatersupplytreatment;DRWmeansdryfromadequatewater
supplyandtherewateredtreatments;N0 meansnonitrogenaddi
tion;N1meansnitrogenaddition.Uppercaselettersindicatesignifi
cantdifferencebetweennitrogentreatmentsundersamemixturerati
o,lowercaselettersindicatesignificantdifferenceamongmixturera
tiosundersamenitrogentreatment(犘<0.05);Thesameasbelow
Fig.2 Responseofthemaximumphotochemicalefficiency
(犉狏/犉犿)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
?3 ›¾“”•H¡šUž‹ŒwÔ§Ï%o¯
(ΦPSⅡ)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.3 Responseoftheactivephotochemicalefficiency
(ΦPSⅡ)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
6.33%~7.89%。N1 šUž,ޓ”•¹犉v/犉m
ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d
(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,» B0L8 Èæ>ç B6L2,"
WWšUÈæµ÷3.80%~6.41%。i~·hi
¶ WW ~ä,–H¡šU±GÈæbc。i~·Ü
2 Ý ¹ 犉v/犉m ø ê ‡ ç WW ¹ 98.69%
~100.58%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß

œ˜Èæõ>öB6L2 “
”¹犉v/犉m ø4.29%。Õð~¡、˜™»¿“”
•©‹Œ¹犉v/犉m øOÈæ&º (犘<0.05)。
2.3 yz>svwx (ΦPSⅡ)
)Õ1、?3âK,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 šU
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Table1 moisture,nitrogen,mixtureratiosandtheirinteractiveeffectonthechlorophylfluorescencekineticparameters
ofswitchgrass
fcƒ]Sourceofvariation df 犉狏/犉犿 狇犘 犖犘犙 ΦPSⅡ 犈犜犚
oq~¡Soilmoisture 1 67.997 402.066 779.126 472.749 856.865
˜™Nitrogenfertilizer 1 4.496 21.613 137.604 41.538 36.986
“”• Mixedproportion 3 4.698 16.387 20.130 19.376 71.733
oq~¡×˜™
Soilmoisture× Nitrogenfertilizer 1 2.798 6.446
 10.357 4.201 0.792
oq~¡×“”•
Soilmoisture× Mixedproportion 3 0.369 3.061
 2.939 0.819 3.189
˜™×“”•
Nitrogenfertilizer× Mixedproportion 3 0.394 1.215 1.424 1.227 0.274
˜™×oq~¡×“”•
Nitrogenfertilizer×Soilmoisture× Mixedproportion 3 0.251 0.302 0.047 0.970 0.075
  P:Õ½bcÈæ (犘<0.05),Õ½bcQÈæ (犘<0.01)。
  Notes:indicatessignificantdifference(犘<0.05),indicatesextremelysignificantdifference(犘<0.01).
ž
,ΦPSⅡø»å”Èæ>çB4L4 B6L2,B2L6 È
æ>çB6L2。DRW šUž,ޓ”•<‹Œ
¹ΦPSⅡøRÕ!óªd¹S>èf WW GÈæb
c

+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´žµ

ô< N0 šU
ž

ޓ”¹ΦPSⅡøáç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷
ø

ì» B6L2 ÈæÎ÷," WW šUÈæµ÷
31.25%~39.29%。N1 šUž,ޓ”¹ΦPSⅡ ø
¡Òç)*¬t·6d (B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d
(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,»B0L8 Èæ>çB4L4、B6L2,
B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2," WW šUÈæµ÷23.53%
~34.38%。i~·hi¶ WW ~ä,–H¡šU
±GÈæbc

i~·Ü2ݹΦPSⅡ øê‡ç
WW ¹95.09%~105.00%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß

œ˜Èæõ>öޓ”¹
ΦPSⅡ ø,¡ Ò õ > 22.73%、13.64%、15.0%、
23.53%。Õð~¡、˜™、“”•»¿˜™~
¡¹@AYƒ©‹Œ¹ΦPSⅡøáOÈæ&º (犘
<0.05)。
2.4 {…>†n‡ˆ‰Šx (犈犜犚)
)Õ1、?4â»Tó,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0
šUž
,犈犜犚ø»å”¿B2L6 ÈæÎ>。N1 šU
ž
,犈犜犚ø»å”Èæ>çB4L4 B6L2,B2L6 È
æ>ç B6L2。DRW šUž,ޓ”<‹Œ¹
犈犜犚øRÕ!óªd¹S>èf WW GÈæb
c

+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´žµ

ô< N0 šU
ž

ޓ”•¹犈犜犚øáç)*¬t·6dµ¶
Î÷ø

»B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2,"
WW šUÈæµ÷30.55%~44.70%。N1 šU
ž

ޓ”•¹犈犜犚 ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d
(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d(B6L2)µ¶Î÷ø,»
B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B2L6 Èæ>çB6L2," WW šU
Èæµ÷24.42%~39.43%。i~·hi¶ WW


–H¡šU±GÈæbc

i~·Ü2ݹ
犈犜犚øê‡ç WW ¹94.14%~110.98%。oq
®~¯Î÷ß

œ˜Èæõ>öB0L8 “”¹犈犜犚
16.22%。Õð~¡、˜™、“”•»¿~¡f“
”•¹@AYƒ©‹Œ¹犈犜犚øOÈæ&º
(犘<0.05)。
2.5 >sv‹Œ (狇犘)
Õ1、?5Ƚ,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 šU
ž
,狇犘ø»B4L4 ÈæÎ÷。N1 šUž,狇犘ø»å
”Èæ>çB6L2。DRW šUž,ޓ”•<‹
Œ¹狇犘 øRÕ!óªd¹S>ìf WW ó!
Èæbc

+·É¬tÊËÌͳ´žµ

ÊË2d
%fÏUv

ô< N0 šUž,ޓ”•¹狇犘 ø
áç)*¬t·6dµ¶Î÷ø,»B0L8、B2L6 È
æ>çB4L4、B6L2," WW šUÈæµ÷19.35%
~28.33%。N1 šUž,ޓ”•¹狇犘 ø¡Ò
ç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、B4L4)、4d(B6L2)
µ¶Î÷ø

»B0L8 ÈæÎ>,B6L2 ÈæÎ÷,"
WW šUÈæµ÷12.70%~21.67%。i~·h
i¶ WW~ä,–H¡šU±GÈæbc。i~·
Ü 2 Ý ¹ 狇犘 ø ê ‡ ç WW ¹ 101.59%
~104.80%。
oq®~¯Î÷ß

œ˜Èæõ>öޓ”¹
狇犘 ø,¡ Ò õ > 10.00%、6.12%、11.11%、
9.30%。Õð~¡、˜™、“”•»¿˜™f~¡、
~¡f“”•¹@AYƒ©‹Œ¹狇犘øáO
1674«           GHI,[:“”ž‹Œ£¤¥¦§¨¿©~˜þÿ¹º`;ª
?4 ›¾“”•¿H¡šUž‹ŒÕ֧ׯØÙÚ
ÛÑ
(犈犜犚)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.4 Responseoftheapparentelectrontransportrate
(犈犜犚)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchangeunderdifferent
mixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
Èæ&º
(犘<0.05)。
2.6 >sv‹Œ (犖犘犙)
Õ1、?6Ƚ,C¡®~ (WW)ß,N0 šU
ž
,犖犘犙ø»B6L2 Èæ>ç唿B2L6。N1 š

,犖犘犙ø»å”ÈæÎ÷。N1 šUžÞ“”
•犖犘犙øÈæ>ç N0 šUž¹。DRW šU
ž

ޓ”•<‹Œ¹犖犘犙øRÕ!óªd
¹µ÷ìf WW ó!Èæbc,+·É¬tÊËÌ
ͳ´S>

VN0 šUžB0L8 ÊË4d%fÏU
v

ôWáÊË2d%fÏUv。N0 šUž,ޓ
”•¹犖犘犙øáç)*¬t·6dS¶Î>ø,
?5 ›¾“”•H¡šUž‹Œ§Ï%ÒÓ
(狇犘)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.5 Responseofthephotochemicalquenching
coefficient(狇犘)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchange
u nderdifferentmixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
»B6L2 B4L4 Èæ>çB0L8 B2L6," WWš
UÈæS>25.81%~32.31%。N1 šUž,ޓ”
•¹犖犘犙ø¡Òç)*¬t·6d(B0L8、B2L6、
B4L4)、4d(B6L2)S¶Î>ø,»B6L2 B4L4 Èæ
>çB0L8 B2L6," WWšUÈæS>22.41%~
28.33%。i~·hi¶ WW~ä,–H¡šU±G
Èæbc

i~·Ü2ݹ犖犘犙øê‡ç WW¹
91.08%~104.88%。oq®~¯Î÷ß,œ˜Èæ
µ÷ ö Þ “ ” ¹ 犖犘犙 ø,¡ Ò µ ÷ 12.82%、
10.13%、9.76%、10.47%。Õð~¡、˜™、“”
•»¿˜™f~¡

~¡f“”•¹@AYƒ©‹
267 ! " # $ % &                   36Ù
?6 ›¾“”•H¡šUž‹Œé§Ï%ÒÓ
(犖犘犙)Éoq®~¯fϹº`/*
Fig.6 Responseofthenonphotochemicalquenching
coefficient(犖犘犙)ofswitchgrasstosoilwaterchange
underdifferentmixtureratiosandnitrogentreatments
Œ¹犖犘犙øáOÈæ&º (犘<0.05)。
3 X Y
  ~™þÿ¿ô@AYƒ©#$PU¿P¹&
º%#$$tAO¹uR`Z
[8,21,22],
£¤¥¦§
Lú%¨)çô
“`
Ka

;v

aƒç¬­?@
ÊË©#$§×Yƒ¹&º»¿#$$ta;
ª
[2325]。
AOÕð

~¡ÊË©#$§×ùú¹&
ºfÊË*L»¿#$©¬t¹[\aOÂ
[26]。
#$K_L~¡ÊË¿i~)*<

#oP_`

]
^

_i»¿`a[ÊËaë`
[27,28]。Shangguan
[©~˜AYžbîc£K¦§Lú%¹AO•
!

~¡Ê˞©bîc犉v/犉m dO&º,èÈæ
µ÷ö狇犘犖犘犙[22]。[ef[¹AOÕð,~¡
Ê˞‹Œ¹犉v/犉m、狇犘»¿Îmê©;ØÙÚ
ÛÑ狉犈犜犚maxÈæµ÷,2犖犘犙Èæõ>[26]。@
†x<

~¡©O¨áOÈæ&º

É~¡Ê
ËÌÍ

ޓ”•<‹Œ¹犉v/犉m、狇犘、ΦPSⅡ
犈犜犚ø³´žµ,Õð¬tÊË7gPSⅡë`<
ñ!䐕šKòažµ

§×;ØÙÚNãý
Å

S2§ùhiѵ÷

AOÕð

K¬tþÿ
ž

_¯œ˜âjk¬t©#$P¹lÅ

©i~
·§×hi[8,22]。Shangguan[
AO•!

_‡ûœ˜™âõ>bîc犉v/犉m,µ÷
狇犘犖犘犙 ø[22]。@†x<,~˜AYm*©犉v/
犉m ¿犈犜犚Yƒ›Èæ,è©ΦPSⅡ、狇犘¿犖犘犙 O
Èæ&º

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!²nÐ`

¬tÊ˞

œ˜Èæõ>öoq®~
¯Î÷ßޓ”•¹ΦPSⅡ(13.64%~23.53%)
狇犘 (6.12%~11.11%)ø,µ÷ö9.76%~
12.82%¹犖犘犙ø,윘žÞ¦§¨¹fÏï
L꩛œ˜"î

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zä[W)©Šbf{
|}

~€“”¹AOÕð

‚+Ÿb¹“”
•í>©Šb¹ýÅYƒíü
[12]。
ƒ„[AO
•!

“”©‰Šbk…†‡ŒØ¹犉v/犉m G&
º

è–Z¹ΦPSⅡ狇犘K“”<áÈæ÷çå”,
“”çå”[29]。@
†x<

~¡“”•@AYƒ©犈犜犚¿狇犘 ¹
&ºÈæ

ì©犈犜犚¿狇犘 Õ!²nÐ`。¬tÊ
˞
,N0 šUžå”‹Œ¹犈犜犚Î÷øÈæ>
瓔
,N1 šUžå”¹犈犜犚、狇犘 Î÷øÈæ>
瓔

ì¾,˜¥~䞋Œ•íp

犉v/犉m、ΦPSⅡ、犈犜犚 狇犘 µïím,Õð唋Œ
¹;ØÙÚÛÑ»¿§ùƒùúÈæüç“
”

“”·‹Œ§×;ØÙÚNˆ
,PSⅡë`<
ñòažµ

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ô§×Yƒ
[29]。
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H¡
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â
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"ü¹$t_`a
[26]。
狇犘Õ½ƒç§Ï%;ØÙÚ¹§ù,f;ØÙ
ڝð";ØN_ QAOÂ,ë‘ë`<ñ¹!ä
•
,犖犘犙’ë‘›ùƒç§Ï%;ØÙÚ2»
s¹iïtu“¹§ù
[30,31]。
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¬t
Ê˞

#$PSⅡ§Ï%¯Øo¯žµ,ƒç§Ï
%ë`¹ù¯op

#$£Kqr¹§ùQRW)
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,
[3032]。
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~¡žµÜ2Ý(VN0 šUž
å”犖犘犙²Ü4Ý),ޓ”•<狇犘øó!ª
dS>2犖犘犙 øªdµ÷,wâù%)ç_L¬
tÊËOçõ>PSⅡë`<ñ!䐕[32]。É
ÊË*LÌÍ
,狇犘 øžµ2犖犘犙 óS,ΦPSⅡžµ

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[31,32],
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ž

唋Œ¹狇犘犖犘犙 ¡ÒÈæ>ç÷ç
VB2L6 =ôW“”•,N1 šUž,唹狇犘
犖犘犙 ¡ÒÈæ>ç÷瓔 (犘<0.05),Õð
“”·‹ŒW)tu)š¹§ù€•§×Äz

Ƚö‹Œ©“”ÀÁ¹_`

<Õ𜘩å
”ž‹Œ犖犘犙¹&º*Lm瓔。
4 Æ Y
  ºóž,¬tÊ˞,‹Œ¹犉狏/犉犿、狇犘、
ΦPSⅡ犈犜犚øá³´žµ,i~·Ü2ÝÞßàh
i㩈~ä

Õð‹Œ‰O"ü¹$t_`a

oq®~¯µ¶Î÷ß

唋Œ¹犈犜犚 Èæ
>瓔

œ˜šUžå”¹狇犘 Èæ>瓔,
犖犘犙’êë (犘<0.05),Õ𓔞‹ŒPSⅡ
ë`<ñòažµ

쓔•í*Lím

Ƚöô©“”ÀÁ¹_`

oq®~¯Î÷ß

œ˜Èæõ>öޓ”ž‹Œ¹ΦPSII(13.64%~
23.53%)狇犘 (6.12%~11.11%),µ÷ 犖犘犙
(9.76%~12.82%)(犘<0.05),Õðœ˜ùõ>ô
§×ùú

ûüf‰Šb¹ÀÁùú

wŸvð

›
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a

œ˜#õ>ô©‰Šb¹PVÀÁùú

?Ž!U

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