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,2016,36(4):0730-0737
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犔犻犵犺狋犙狌犪犾犻狋狔狅狀犉犾狅狑犲狉犻狀犵,犇狔狀犪犿犻犮犞犪狉犻犪狋犻狅狀犻狀犘犺狔狊犻狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾
犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅犳犘犪犽犮犺狅犻犱狌狉犻狀犵犅狌犱犱犻狀犵犪狀犱犉犾狅狑犲狉犻狀犵犛狋犪犵犲
LIHuimin,LUXiaomin
(ColegeofLifeScience,AnhuiScienceandTechnologyUniversity,Fengyang,Anhui,233100,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Withthepurposeofexaminingtheefectsoflightqualityonflowering,thepigmentcontent,qualityand
carbonmetabolismofpakchoi(犅狉犪狊狊犻犮犪犮犪犿狆犲狊狋狉犻狊L.ssp.犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊(L)Makinovar.犮狅犿犿狌狀犻狊TsenetLee)seed
lingsonthebuddingandfloweringagetypes,thepresentstudywerecarriedouttousethecultivar‘Suzhouqing’
asplantmaterial,whichweregrownunderfourdiferentlighttreatmentsincludingblueplusredlightemittingdi
odes(LEDs,B∶R=2∶7),blueLEDs(B),redLEDs(R)andfluorescentlamps(FL)for120days.Someindi
cessuchasflowerbuds,openflowers,pigmentsandascorbicacid,solubleprotein,sucrose,solublesugar,and
starchconcentrationsweredetermined.Theresultsshowedthat.(1)withtheextensionoffloweringtime,the
numbersofopenflowersweresignificantlylargerinseedlingsunderRandBRthanthatunderFL.Thenumberof
flowerbudswassignificantlylargerunderRandBRthanthatunderFLatthe100thd.However,thenumberof
flowerbudswassignificantlylargerunderBthanthatunderFLatthe110thdand120thd;(2)thephotosynthetic
pigmentcontentofleaveswasgradualydecreasedwiththeextensionoffloweringperiod.Theconcentrationsof
pigmentsweresignificantlyhigherinseedlingsunderBRthanthatunderFLat100thd.However,theconcentra
tionsofpigmentsweresignificantlyhigherinseedlingsunderBthanthatunderFLat110thd.Theconcentrations
ofpigmentswerethehighestinseedlingsunderBRat120thd;(3)thesolubleproteinandascorbicacidcontentin
leavesdecreasedgradualyasthefloweringtimewasprolonged.Theconcentrationofsolubleproteinwashigherin
seedlingsunderBthanthatunderFLduringthefloweringperiond.However,theconcentrationofascorbicacid
washigherinseedlingsunderBthanthatunderFLat100thd.Theconcentrationofascorbicacidwashigherunder
BandBRinseedlingsthanthatunderFLat110thdand120thd;(4)astheextendedflowering,leafcarbohydrate
contentalsogradualyreduced,whichsolublesugar,sucroseandstarchcontentsweresignificantlyhigherunderR
thanthatundertheotherlights.Obviously,comparedwiththeFL,LEDsismoreefectiveforthevegetative
growthandreproductivegrowthofpakchoiseedlings,Bisconducivetothevegetativegrowthofpakchoi,whileR
andBRarebeneficialtotheirreproductivegrowth.TheRLEDsandBRLEDslightscanbeusedastheartificial
lightsourceforthepakchoibreeding,anditmightpromotethefactoryproductionprocessofpakchoi.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:pakchoi;flowering;pigments;quality;carbonmetablism
犅狉犪狊狊犻犮犪犮犪犿狆犲狊狋狉犻狊ssp.犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊Makinovar.
犮狅犿犿狌狀犻狊isatypicalbiennialvegetables,theadvanta
gesofcrossbreedingoftenneedeighttoninegenera
tionsofbreeding,soastoacceleratethebreeding
process,shrinkingtheshortbreedingperiod,breeders
oftenusethegreenhouseartificialycreatedtopromote
greenvegetablestransitionfromvegetativegrowthto
reproductivegrowth,plusgenerationofbreeding[1].
Thetimingoffloweringisprimarilyinfluencedbyen
vironmentalfactors,whichservetocommunicatethe
timeofyearand/orgrowthconditionsfavorablefor
sexualreproductionandseed maturation,including
lightquality,photoperiod,lightquantity,andverbal
ization[2].Thesunemitsthemostofitsradiationin
thevisiblerange,itcoverstherangeofwavelength
from400-700nm[3].Theintegration,quality,dura
tionandintensityofred,farred,blue,UVAand
UVBlighthaveaprofoundinfluenceonplantsby
triggering physiologicalreactionsto controltheir
growthanddevelopment[46].Thequalityandquantity
oflightafectplantdevelopmentmainlythroughtwo
typesofphotoreceptorsthered/farredlightreceptors
phytochromesandblue/UVAlightreceptorscrypto
chromes[7].LEDsaresolidstate,longlastinganddu
rablesourcesofnarrowbandlightthatcanbeimple
mentedindynamiclightingstrategiestocontrolplant
growth,development,physiologicalresponsesand
production,itisimportanttolearnmoreaboutthein
fluenceoflightqualityontheseprocesses[811].
VariousstudieshaveshownthatLEDshavebeen
successfulyusedforcultivationinseveralhorticultural
plantspeciessuchaslettuce,tomato,cucumber,Chi
nesecabbage,pepper,rapeseed犲狋犮[810,1220].Although
previousstudieshaveidentifiedvariousphysiological
andmorphologicalefectsoflightqualityinmanyplant
species,fewreportshaveaddressedtheefectofLED
lightsourcesandfluorescentlampsonflowering,the
sugarmetabolismandqualityofpakchoi(犅狉犪狊狊犻犮犪
犮犪犿狆犲狊狋狉犻狊L.ssp.犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊(L)Makinovar.犮狅犿犿狌
狀犻狊TsenetLee)duringthebuddingandfloweringsta
ges.Theobjectiveofthepresentstudywastoexamine
theefectsofblueLEDs,redLEDs,blueplusred
LEDs(BR)[18]andfluorescentlampsonflowering,
sugarmetabolismandqualityinleavesofpakchoiseed
lingsduringthebuddingandfloweringstagesandto
selectthebestlightsforthecultivationofpakchoi
seedlingsunderacontroledenvironment.
1 Materialsandmethods
1.1 犘犾犪狀狋犿犪狋犲狉犻犪犾狊
TheexperimentswereconductedinRXZ1Phy
totron (NingboJiangnanInstrumentFactoryCO.,
Ningbo,China)atAnhuiScienceandTechnologyU
niversity.Pakchoicultivar‘Suzhouqing’seedswitha
similarsizewereselectedforsowing.Seedsweresown
incelsfiledwithvermiculiteandpeat(1∶1byvol
ume)forcultivation,withoneseedpercel.After
sevendays,seedlingswithtwoexpandedcotyledons
weretransferredtothediferentlights.
1374¥ ABC,«:¢£LEDs}cdefb¤¥RSñÖ[òóôâ
1.2 犔犻犵犺狋狋狉犲犪狋犿犲狀狋狊
Seedlingsweregrownunderamixtureofblue
plusredlightemittingdiodes(LEDs)(BR,B∶R=2
∶7),blueLEDs,redLEDs(OPTORUNLTD.
CO.,Shanghai,China)ataphotosyntheticphotoflux
density(PPFD)of140μmol·m
2·s1andfluorescent
lamps(FL,thecontrol,T528W,PHILIPSCO.,
Yangzhou,China)PPFDof85μmol·m
2·s1(Fig.
1).Thegrowthtemperaturewassetat24-26℃,
andtherelativehumidityfluctuatedbetween55%and
60%.Thephotoperiodwas12hours.Seedlingswere
randomlyassignedtoeachlighttreatment,andLEDs
arrayswererandomlyassignedpositionsinthegreen
house.Seedlingswereculturedunderthefourlights
forsamplesatthebuddingstage(100thdays),atthe
10th(110thdays)and20th(120thdays)offloweringsta
ges.
1.3 犉犾狅狑犲狉犫狌犱狊犪狀犱狅狆犲狀犳犾狅狑犲狉狊犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犿犲狀狋狊
Whenseedlingswereculturedunderthefour
lightsforsamplesatthebuddingstage(100thdays),at
the10th(110thdays)and20th(120thdays)offlowering
stages,andrecordedthenumberoffloweringandthe
numberofbudsonthatday.
1.4 犘犻犵犿犲狀狋犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犿犲狀狋狊
Leaveswereweighedto0.1g(freshweight,
W),and10mL(V)of80%acetonewasaddedto
FL.Fluorescentlamp(control);B:Bluelightemittingdiodes;
R:Redlightemittingdiodes
Fig.1 Thelightenergydistributionofdifferentlights
0.1gofleafsamplesplacedintoamortarwithquartz
sand.Thechlorophyl wasextracteduntiltheleaf
turnedwhite.Theopticaldensity(OD)wasmeasured
withaUV1200spectrophotometer(Jinpeng,Shang
hai,China)at470nmforcarotenoid(OD470),at663
nmforchlorophyla(OD663),andat645nmforchlo
rophylb(OD645)[21].
1.5 犛狅犾狌犫犾犲狆狉狅狋犲犻狀犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犿犲狀狋狊
Leaves(1.0goffreshweight,W)wereground
inamortarwithliquidnitrogen,towhich5mL(犞1)
of0.067mol·L-1potassiumphosphatebufer(PBS)
wasadded,andwerethenfilteredthroughfilterpaper.
Theextractwascentrifugedat12000gfor10min,
andthesupernatantwasremoved.Theextract(1mL,
犞2)andCoomassiebriliantblueG250(5mL)was
thoroughlymixed.Theopticaldensitywasmeasured
usingaUV1200spectrophotometerat595nm.To
determineastandardcurve,0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,
and1.0mLof100μg·L
-1bovineserumalbuminwas
addedto6volumetricflasks,anddistiledwaterwas
addedtoreachavolumeof1mL.Theopticaldensity
wasmeasuredbyaUV1200spectrophotometerat595
nm(ρ).Theconcentrationofsolubleproteinwasde
terminedusingthefolowingequation:solubleprotein
(mg·g1)=ρ犞1/犠犞2
[22].Whereρisopticaldensity,
犞1istotalvolumeofextract,犞2isvolumeofreac
tions,and犠isfreshweight(g)ofthesamples.
1.6 犃狊犮狅狉犫犻犮犪犮犻犱犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犿犲狀狋狊
Leaves(1.0g,freshweight,W)wereground
inamortarwithliquidnitrogen.Next,5mL(犞1)
of5%trichloroaceticacid(TCA)wasaddedand
themixturewasfilteredthroughfilterpaper.The
extractwascentrifugedat10000gfor10min,and
the supernatant was removed. The extract
(1.0mL,犞2)and1.0mLofethanolwerethor
oughlymixed.Next,0.5mLof0.4%phosphoric
acidethanol,1mLof0.5%1,10phenanthroline
ethanoland0.5mLof0.03g·L-1ferricchloride
wereaddedforatotalvolumeof5mL.Theoptical
densitywasmeasuredusingaUV1200spectro
photometer (Jinpeng, Shanghai, China) at
534nm.Toobtainastandardcurve,0,0.2,0.4,
0.6,0.8,or1.0mLof100mg·L-1bovineserum
albuminwasaddedto6volumetricflasks,anddis
tiledwaterwasaddedtoreachavolumeof1mL.
TheopticaldensitywasmeasuredbyaUV1200
spectrophotometerat534nm (ρ).Theconcentra
tionofascorbicacidwasdeterminedusingthefol
lowingequation:ascorbicacidconcentration(mg
·g1)=ρ犞1/犠犞2
[22].Whereρisopticaldensity,
犞1istotalvolumeofextract,犞2isvolumeofreac
tions,and犠isfreshweight(g)ofthesamples.
1.7 犛狌犵犪狉犪狀犱狊狋犪狉犮犺犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犿犲狀狋狊
Leaves(0.5g,dryweight)weregroundina
237 ! " # $ % & 36õ
mortarwithliquidnitrogen.Then1mLof80%
ethanolwasadded,andthemixturewasfiltered
throughfilterpaper.Thefiltrateswererecovered,
andtheresidueswerewashedagainwith70%eth
anolandfiltered.Bothfiltratesweremixed,and3
mLofdistiledwaterwasadded.Theextractwas
centrifugedat12000gfor15min,and1mLofsu
pernatantwascolected.Solublesugarconcentra
tionwasdeterminedbythesulfuricacidanthrone
methodandmeasuredat620nm.Sucroseconcen
trationwasdeterminedusingthephloroglucinol
methodandmeasuredat480nm[21].Takahashi’s
methodwasusedforstarchextraction[23].Theres
idueobtainedafterethanolextractionwasresus
pendedwith0.1mol·L-1sodiumacetatebuffer
(pH4.8)andboiledfor20min.Thegelatinized
starchwasdigestedwithamyloglucosidasefor4h
at37℃andboiledagaintostoptheenzymaticre
action.Aftercooling,the mixture wascentri
fuged,andtheamountofsolublesugarinthesu
pernatantwasdeterminedbyanthronecolorime
try[22].Thestarchconcentrationwasestimatedby
convertingglucosetostarchequivalentsusinga
factorof0.9.
1.8 犛狋犪狋犻狊狋犻犮犪犾犪狀犪犾狔狊犻狊
StatisticalanalyseswereconductedwithSta
tisticalProductandServiceSolutions(SPSS)for
Windows,Version16.0(SPSSInc.2007).Data
wereanalyzedusinganalysisofvariance(ANO
VA),andthedifferencesbetween meanswere
testedusingTukey’sTest(犘<0.05).
2 Results
2.1 犜犺犲狀狌犿犫犲狉狅犳犳犾狅狑犲狉犫狌犱狊犪狀犱狅狆犲狀犳犾狅狑犲狉狊
Differentlightsourceshadvariableeffectson
thedevelopmentofflowersinpakchoiseedlings
from100to120days(Table1).Thenumbersof
openflowersweresignificantlyhigherinseedlings
underRandBRthaninthoseunderFLduringthe
floweringstage.Thenumberofflowerbudswas
significantlyhigheratthe100thdayunderRand
BRthanFLandB.However,Thenumberof
flowerbudswassignificantlyhigheratthe110th
dayand120th dayunderBthanunderFL.The
presentresultsshowedthatRandBRLEDspro
motedthefloweringprocess.
2.2 犜犺犲犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊狅犳狆犻犵犿犲狀狋狊
Theleafpigmentsofpakchoiseedlingsvaried
inresponsetothedifferentlights.Thephotosyn
theticpigmentcontentofleaveswasgradualyde
creasedwiththeextensionoffloweringperiod.
Theconcentrationsofchlorophyla,bandtotal
chlorophylweregreatestinseedlingsunderBRat
100thday,folowedbyB,whichweresignificantly
higherthanFLandlowestunderFL(Fig.2,A-
C).Theconcentrationsofcarotenoidwashighest
underBRandB,whichweresignificantlyhigher
thanFL,andlowestunderFL(Fig.2,D).The
concentrationsofpigmentsweregreatestinseed
lingsunderBat110thday,whichweresignificantly
higherthanBR,RandFL(Fig.2).Theconcen
trationsofpigmentsweregreatestinseedlingsun
derBRat120thday,folowedbyBandFLandlow
estunderR(Fig.2).Thepresentresultsdemon
stratedthatBRandBLEDswerebeneficialtopig
mentsaccumulationofpakchoiseedlings.
2.3 犛狅犾狌犫犾犲狆狉狅狋犲犻狀犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀
Thesoluble protein contentinleaves de
creasedgradualyasthefloweringtimewaspro
longed.Theconcentrationofsolubleproteinwas
highestinpakchoiseedlingsunderBLEDsat100th
day,folowedbyBRandlowestunderFL(Fig.3).
犜犪犫犾犲1 犜犺犲狀狌犿犫犲狉狅犳犳犾狅狑犲狉犫狌犱狊犪狀犱狅狆犲狀犳犾狅狑犲狉狊狆犲狉狆犾犪狀狋犻狀狆犪犽犮犺狅犻犵狉犲狑狌狀犱犲狉犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋
犾犻犵犺狋狊狌狀狋犻犾犳犾狅狑犲狉犻狀犵(100120犱犪狔狊)
Lighttreatment
Numberofflowerbuds Numberofopenflowers
100thday 110thday 120thday 100thday 110thday 120thday
BR 2.67a 5.33b 11.67bc 2.33a 5.01a 10.33ab
B 1.33b 7.33a 17.33a 0.33b 1.33b 9.33b
R 2.67a 5.33b 12.33b 2.67a 5.67a 11.33a
FL 1.33b 3.33c 10.33c 0.33b 0.67b 7.05c
Note:BR.Blueplusredlightemittingdiodes;B:Bluelightemittingdiodes;R.Redlightemittingdiodes;FL.Fluorescentlamp.Values
arethemean±standarddeviation.Differentletterswithinthecolumnindicatesignificantdifferencesamonglighttreatmentsat0.05levelac
cordingtoTukey’stest(n=3).Thesameasbelow.
3374¥ ABC,«:¢£LEDs}cdefb¤¥RSñÖ[òóôâ
Differentletterswithinthesamestageindicatesignificantdifferencesamonglighttreatmentsat0.05levelaccordingto
Tukey’stest(n=3).Thebarsrepresentthestandarderror.Thesameasbelow.
Fig.2 Thepigmentconcentrationsofpakchoiseedlingsunderdifferentlightqualitiesfor100th,110thand120thday
Theconcentrationofsolubleproteinwasgreatest
inseedlingsunderBLEDsat110thday,andthe
otherlighttreatmentsshowednosignificantdiffer
ences.Theconcentrationofsolubleproteinwas
highestinseedlingsunderBandFLat120thday
andlowestunderR.Thepresentresultsshowed
thatBLEDswasresponsiblefortheaccumulation
ofsolubleproteininpakchoiseedlings.
2.4 犃狊犮狅狉犫犻犮犪犮犻犱犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀
Theascorbicacidcontentinleavesdecreased
gradualyasthefloweringtimewasprolonged.The
Theconcentrationofascorbicacidwashighestin
pakchoiseedlingsunderBLEDsat100thday,fol
lowedbyRLEDsandlowestunderFL(Fig.4).
Theconcentrationofascorbicacidwassignificantly
higherunderBandBRinseedlingsthanunderFL
at110thdayand120thday (Fig.4).Theresults
showedthatBandBRLEDswasresponsiblefor
theaccumulationofascorbicacidinpakchoiseed
lings.
2.5 犛狌犵犪狉犪狀犱狊狋犪狉犮犺犮狅狀犮犲狀狋狉犪狋犻狅狀狊
Thesugarandstarchconcentrationsofpak
choiseedlingsvariedinresponsetodifferentlights
treatments. As the extended flowering,leaf
carbohydratecontentisalsogradualyreduced.The
Fig.3 Thesolubleproteinconcentrationofpakchoi
seedlingsunderdifferentlightstreatmentsfor
100th,110thand120thday.
Fig.4 Theascorbicacidconcentrationofpakchoiseedlings
underdifferentlighttreatmentsfor100th,
110thand120thday
437 ! " # $ % & 36õ
Fig.5 Thephotosynthesisproductionofpakchoi
seedlingsunderdifferentlighttreatmentsfor100th,
110thand120thday
concentrationsofsucrose,solublesugarandstarch
weregreatestinseedlingsunderRLEDs,which
showedsignificanthigherthantheotherlights,
folowedbyBRandBLEDs,whichshowedsignif
icanthigherthanFLandlowestinseedlingsunder
FL(Fig.5,A-C).TheseresultsrevealedthatR
LEDsarethebestlightsforaccumulationofsu
crose,starchandsolublesugarinpakchoiseed
lings.
3 Discussion
3.1 犅犾狌犲狆犾狌狊狉犲犱犔犈犇狊犪狀犱狉犲犱犔犈犇狊犿犪狔狆狉狅犳犻狋
犳狅狉狋犺犲犳犾狅狑犲狉犻狀犵狅犳狆犾犪狀狋狊
Floweringisoneofthemorphogeniceventsin
plants,whichisaffectedbylightirradianceand/
orwavelength[24].Thenumberofflowers was
highestinnonheadingChinesecabbageseedlings
grownunderRLEDsandBplusRLEDs(1∶
8)[18].Thenumbersof犆狔犮犾犪犿犲狀flowerbudsand
openflowerswerehighestinplantsgrownundera
mixtureofBplusRLEDs(B∶R=10∶1)com
paredwithFLandotherlightsources[25].Howev
er,thedevelopmentofvisibleflowerbudsinmari
goldswasaboutfivetimesgreaterinFLthaninB
orR LEDs[26].MonochromaticBlightdelayed
floweringin犃狉犪犫犻犱狅狆狊犻狊possiblybyinfluencing
cryptochromes[7].Thepresentstudyshowedthat
thenumberofflowerswashighestinpakchoiseed
lingsgrownunderRLEDsandBplusRLEDs(2
∶7),andthenumberofflowerbudswashigherin
seedlingsgrownunderLEDsthanFL.Thefind
ingsfromthepresentstudyareconsistentwith
thoseofLi犲狋犪犾.[18],Heo犲狋犪犾.[25]andMockler犲狋
犪犾.[7],butinconsistentwithareportfromHeo[26].
Theshiftinplantsfromvegetativegrowthtofloral
developmentisregulatedbyredfarredlightrecep
tors(phytochromes)andblueultravioletAlight
receptors (cryptochromes)[27].The numberof
flowerbudsandopenflowersandthedurationof
floweringmaycorrelatewiththedifferentplant
species,whichreactionstothelightreceptorswere
variable[18].Spectralqualityhasamajorinfluence
oninductionrateofflowerbuddingandsubsequent
development.ThepresentstudyshowedthatR
LEDsandBRLEDswerebenefitfortheflowering
process.
3.2 犅犾狌犲犔犈犇狊犫犲狀犲犳犻狋犲犱狋犺犲犾犲犪犳狇狌犪犾犻狋狔狅犳狆犾犪狀狋狊
ThepresentresultsindicatedthatB LEDs
benefitsascorbicacidandsolubleproteinaccumu
lationofpakchoiseedlings,whichareconsistent
withreportsbyLi犲狋犪犾.[18],Yang犲狋犪犾.[28]and
Zhang犲狋犪犾.[29].However,theconcentrationsof
solubleproteininlettuceleavesshowednosignifi
cantdifferencesamongtreatments[10].B LEDs
mightbenefittheaccumulationofnutritionalsub
stances,andtheseeffectsmaycorrelatewithplant
speciesorcultivars[18].Thepresentstudyalso
showedthatthefloweringwasdelayedunderB
LEDs,thismightrelatewiththehighnutritional
substances,whichthesubstanceswasaccumulated
inleavesofferedthematerialsecuritytovegetative
growthofgreenvegetables.Insummary,forthe
purposeofimprovingthenutritionalqualityofveg
5374¥ ABC,«:¢£LEDs}cdefb¤¥RSñÖ[òóôâ
etables,BLEDscouldbechosenasthepreferred
lightsinartificialcultivationofpakchoi.
3.3 犠犺犻犮犺犾犻犵犺狋狑犪狊狋犺犲犫犲狊狋犾犻犵犺狋犳狅狉犪犮犮狌犿狌犾犪
狋犻狅狀狅犳狆犺狅狋狅狊狔狀狋犺犪狋犲狊犻狀狆犾犪狀狋狊
Variationsinlightconditionswilaffectthe
metabolicprocesses[30].Lightqualityregulatesthe
carbohydratemetabolismofhigherplants,andcar
bohydratecontentisincreasedunderredlight[31].
Redlightmayinhibitthetranslocationprocessof
photosynthates[32].Redlightenhancesstarchaccu
mulationinglycineandsorghumspecies[33].The
presentstudyrevealedthatthestarchconcentra
tion wasgreatestinseedlingsgrown under R
LEDs,andthislightwasadvantageoustoaccumu
lationofstarchinpakchoiwhichwasconsistent
withthepreviousstudies.RLEDsmaypromote
theaccumulationofthephotosyntheticproducts
butinhibitthetranslocation ofphotosynthetic
productsoutofleaves.Thus,thestarchultimately
accumulatedinleaves[18].Thepresentstudyalso
showedthattheconcentrationsofsucroseandsol
ublesugar weregreatestinseedlingsunder R
LEDsduringthebuddingandfloweringstagesand
theRLEDsandBplusRLEDspromotedtheflow
eringprocess.Thefloweringmightrelatewiththe
highsugarandstarchconcentrations,whichad
vancedthetransitionfromvegetativegrowthtore
productivegrowthandearlyflowering.R LEDs
maybeusedasthemainlightsforreproductive
growthofpakchoiseedlings.
Inconclusion,RLEDsandBplusR (2∶7)
LEDsshouldbeselectedasthepreferredlightsin
theartificialcultivationofpakchoiseedlingstoget
moreflowersandearlyflowering.Bycontrast,B
LEDsshouldbeusedasthepreferredlightsfor
highernutritionalqualitytoimprovethegrowth
anddevelopmentofpakchoiseedlings.
犚犲犳犲狉犲狀犮犲狊:
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