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作 者 ：李 莺

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2012年 10期 页码：1990~1996

关键词：七叶树；繁育系统；花粉活力；柱头可授性；雄全同株；

Keywords:Aesculus chinensis, breeding system, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, andromonoecy,

摘 要 ：对七叶树的开花物候期、花部特征、单花开放动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉 胚珠比(P/O)和杂交指数(OCI) 等有关生殖生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在西安地区七叶树4月22日进入初花期，5月5日至13日为盛花期，5月14日进入终花期，整个群花期持续30 d左右，单花花期持续5～8 d。（2）七叶树的花有雄花和两性花两种形态，其在形态大小和生理上有显著差异,雄花小于两性花，其子房退化,雄花的花粉活力远远大于两性花的花粉活力，雄花开花当天花粉活力最强,达到75.69%，是七叶树授粉的最佳时间；两性花雌雄蕊发育正常，其柱头可授期持续8～9 d，开花后3 d柱头可授性达到最强。（3） P/O 和OCI检测结果均表明，七叶树繁育系统为异交，需要传粉者,属于雄全同株植物。

Abstract:This study focused on the reproductive biology of Aesculus chinensis,such as flowering phenology,flower characteristics,floral dynamics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,pollen ovule ratio (P/O),and outcrossing index (OCI).The results showed that:(1)A.chinensis was in early flowering stage from April 22,in full flowering stage from May 5 and in final flowering stage from May 14 in Xi’an.All of the flowering stages lasted about 30 d.Flowering stage of single flower lasted about 5～8 d.(2)Male flowers have degraded ovaries.There were significant differences between male and perfect flowers in flower morphology,size and physiology.The pollen viability of male flowers was far greater than that of the perfect ones.The pollen viability of male flowers maintained the highest (75.69%) during the flowering day and was the best pollination time.The stigma receptivity of perfect flowers lasted about 8～9 d,the stigma receptivity was strongest 3 d after flowering.(3)P/O and OCI results showed that the breeding system was outcrossing with pollinators.A.chinensis is a kind of andromonoecy plant.

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