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作 者 ：刘 洋，石慧清，龚月桦*

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2012年 6期 页码：1206~1213

关键词：小麦；持绿；氮肥；硫肥；叶片衰老；

Keywords:wheat, stay green, nitrogen fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer, leaf senescence,

摘 要 ：以持绿型小麦品种‘豫麦66号’、‘潍麦8号’及非持绿型品种‘小偃6号’为材料，采用以氮肥为主区硫肥为副区的田间裂区试验，研究了2个施氮水平［纯氮120 kg/hm²（N₁₂₀）、220 kg/hm²（N₂₂₀）］和3个施硫水平［纯硫0 kg/hm²（S₀）、20 kg/hm²（S₂₀）、60 kg/hm²（S₆₀）］下植株各部位的含氮量、叶片干鲜重及叶片叶绿素含量的变化，探讨硫氮配施对不同类型小麦氮吸收及衰老的影响。结果表明：在相同处理下，持绿型小麦植株的总含氮量、氮素转运量、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量及穗粒数和千粒重均高于非持绿型小麦。N₁₂₀处理条件下，不同硫肥处理时持绿型小麦与非持绿型小麦变化趋势相同，开花期茎和叶含氮量及叶绿素含量在S₆₀处理下均低于其他2个硫肥处理，生育后期叶片含水量下降幅度也明显高于其他处理；在N₂₂₀处理条件下，3个品种开花期叶含氮量、收获期总氮累积量、氮收获指数、叶绿素含量及叶片含水量在S₆₀处理下均高于其他2个处理，其中非持绿型小麦在高硫处理条件下灌浆期的叶绿素含量的增长率明显高于持绿型小麦，而灌浆中后期叶片含水量的下降幅度则明显低于持绿型小麦。研究发现，施用硫肥在氮肥不足时会对小麦植株氮素的吸收利用及叶片衰老等方面产生负面影响，但在氮肥充足时却在氮素的吸收利用、延缓叶片衰老及最终籽粒产量和总生物量等方面表现出正面效应；本实验条件下，220 kg/hm²左右施氮量和60 kg/hm²左右施硫量有利于各品种小麦生长发育和产量提高；高N和高S水平对于延缓小麦的衰老而言，非持绿性小麦比持绿型小麦更明显。

Abstract:In order to study the effect of different sulfur and nitrogen fertilizer combined application on N transfer and leaf senescence of winter wheat,N content、water and chlorophyll content of 3 winter wheat varieties (‘Yumai 66’ and ‘Weimai 8’ are stay green wheat,‘Xiaoyan 6’ is non stay green wheat) were measured.The results showed that under N₁₂₀ treatment,N content of stem and leaf,chlorophyll content of leaf with S₆₀ treatment was lower than that of other two S treatment at anthesis;Leaf water content was lower than that of other two S treatment at the late grain filling stage.Under N₂₂₀ treatment,leaf N content at anthesis,total N accumulation at harvest,N Harvest Index,water content and chlorophyll content of leaves were all higher than that of other two S treatment.The effect of sulphur on wheat depended on the amount of nitrogen application,and S demonstrated a dual character in all 3 winter wheat varieties.On the one hand,under the condition of lower level nitrogen,sulphur had negative effect on the N uptake and senescence of leaf；On the other hand,under the condition of higher level nitrogen,sulphur had positive effect on the N uptake,senescence of leaf,grain yield and total biomass.The appropriate amount of N application for high yield was about 220 kg/hm²,and the appropriate amount of S application for high yield was about 60 kg/hm².High level N and S fertilizer delay senescence more in non stay green wheat than that in stay green wheat.

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