作 者 ：甄丽莎1,2，谷 洁2,3*，高 华2,3，秦清军2，陈强龙2
期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2012年 9期 页码：1811~1818
Keywords:straws, fertilizer, soil electronic conductivity, soil enzyme, crop yields,
摘 要 ：通过大田定位试验，在小麦 玉米轮作条件下，以小麦品种‘西农889’和玉米品种‘郑单958’为供试作物，采取不施肥秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆还田(S)、秸秆还田+腐熟有机肥(SM)、秸秆还田+氮肥(SN)、秸秆还田+氮肥+磷肥(SNP)共5种处理，对不同处理下土壤电导率、蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性的动态变化及作物产量进行了研究。结果显示：（1）秸秆还田后土壤的电导率变化呈先上升后下降趋势，不同处理间周年电导率平均值表现为SNP>SN>SM>S>CK，且差异显著。（2）秸秆还田配合施用氮肥处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性最高，蔗糖酶活性最大值（70.62 mg·g-1·d-1）为对照的1.36倍，脲酶活性最大值（3.58 mg·g-1·d-1）比对照提高了9.15%。（3）土壤有机碳含量在S、SM处理之间差异不显著，而S、SM处理与CK、SN、SNP处理之间差异显著，SM处理比对照处理提高了8.91%。（4）土壤全氮含量在不同处理之间差异显著，并以SNP处理最高，其次是SM处理，S、SN处理再次之，且SNP、SM、S、SN处理土壤全氮含量分别比对照提高了19.8%、11.1%、9.88%和7.41%。（5）秸秆还田处理的作物产量显著高于CK，并以秸秆配施氮磷肥处理的小麦产量最高，比CK提高了50.6%；秸秆配施氮肥处理的玉米产量最高，比CK提高了34.3%。研究表明，秸秆还田配施有机肥、无机肥可以有效促进有机物矿质化，显著增加土壤养分含量，增强土壤酶活性，提高土壤有机碳含量，从而促进作物增产。
Abstract:To investigate the variations of soil electronic conductivity,invertase activity,urease activity and crop yield,we established a field location experiment with the wheat cultivar “xinong 889”and corn cultivar “zhengdan 958” under the rotation of wheat and corn.The fertilizer treatments included the control (CK),straw (S),straw+manure (SM),straw+urea (SN) and straw+urea and superphosphate (SNP).The results showed that:(1)Soil electronic conductivities in all treatments had a downward tendency.The average of soil EC decreased in the order straw+urea+calcium superphosphate (SNP)>straw+urea (SN)>straw+manure (SM)>straw (S)>CK,and their differences were significant.(2)Straw with chemical fertilizer could promote the mineralization of organic matter.Soil invertase activities and urease activities have the highest values in the SN treatment.The peak value of invertase was 70.62 mg·g-1·d-1,which was 1.36 times greater than that in CK.The peak value of urease was 3.58 mg·g-1·d-1,which was greater than that in CK by 9.15%.The straw with N and P fertilizer could increase soil invertase and urease activities.(3)Soil organic C was highly significant in the S,SM treatments compared with the CK,SN and SNP treatments.But there were not significant differences between the S and SM treatments.Soil organic C was 8.91% greater in the SM treatment than that in CK.(4)Straw with manure could increase soil organic carbon contents.There were significant differences in soil total N contents among all treatments,SNP first,SM second,S,SN took third place.Soil total N in the SNP,SM,S and SN treatments were larger than that in CK by 19.8%,11.1%,9.88% and 7.41%,respectively.(5)Crop yields in the fertilized treatments were significantly different with CK.The highest of wheat yield was in the SNP treatment,which were greater than that in CK by 50.6%.The highest of cron yield was in the SN treatment,which were greater than that in CK by 34.3%.The fertilizer application increased soil nutrient content,enhanced soil enzyme activities and raised crop yield.