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Morphology and Physiology Characteristic Responses of Different Provenances of Artemisia ordosica to Drought Stress

不同种源油蒿形态与生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应


【目的】 了解干旱胁迫对不同种源油蒿的形态和生理特征的影响,同时比较不同种源油蒿的抗旱能力,为我国干旱、半干旱地区引种提供理论依据。【方法】 以毛乌素沙地、库布齐沙漠、草原荒漠过渡带的3个种源油蒿为材料,进行不同水分处理,研究在适宜、轻度干旱、重度干旱情况下不同种源油蒿株高、基径、叶面积、比叶面积、叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素(a+b) 、类胡萝卜素(Car)、叶绿素a/b(Chla/b)、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(Car/Chl)、可溶性糖、淀粉、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的变化。【结果】 3个种源地油蒿形态特征、光合色素含量以及NSC对干旱胁迫响应趋势一致,表现为随着干旱胁迫加剧:1) 油蒿的株高、基径、叶面积和比叶面积呈现逐渐减小趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿的株高、叶面积、基径大于毛乌素沙地和草原荒漠过渡带油蒿,而比叶面积小于毛乌素沙地和草原荒漠过渡带油蒿; 2) 油蒿叶片的Chla,Chlb,Chl(a+b),Car, Chla/b和Car/Chl呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的Chla,Chlb,Chl(a+b) 大于毛乌素沙地和草原荒漠过渡带油蒿叶片,而3个种源地油蒿的Car含量以及Car/Chl相差不大,Chla/b表现为草原荒漠过渡带最大,毛乌素沙地其次,库布齐沙漠最小; 3)油蒿叶片可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量呈现先减小后增大的趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,草原荒漠过渡带油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量均大于库布齐沙漠和毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片,而库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量又大于毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片; 在轻度干旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC含量大于草原荒漠过渡带和毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片。【结论】 从3个种源地油蒿株高、基径、叶面积、比叶面积、Chla、Chlb、Chl(a+b)、Car、Chla/b、Car/Chl、可溶性糖、淀粉、NSC等指标比较中,推测来自库布齐沙漠的油蒿较毛乌素沙地、草原和荒漠过渡带油蒿具有更强的抗旱性。

【Objective】In this study, we investigated effects of drought stress on morphology and physiology characteristics of Artemisia ordosica and compare with the drought-resistant ability of three different provenances of A. ordosica, to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction of the species to China‘s arid and semi-arid area.【Method】Three different provenances of A. ordosica were collected from Mu Us Sandy land, Kubuqi desert, and Desert-steppe transitional zone, and subjected to different soil moisture to investigate the changes of plant height, stem size, leaf area, Sla, content of Chla, Chlb, Chl(a+b) and Car, Chla/b and Car/Chl and content of starch, soluble sugars and NSC.【Result】The response of morphology characteristics, photosynthetic pigment content, and contents of starch, soluble sugars and NSC of three different provenances of A. ordosica to drought stress was consistent. Namely, as the drought stress increased, 1)plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and SLA, showed a trend of gradual decrease. The plant height, stem size, and leaf area of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert were greater than those from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone under the severe drought stress. However Sla of the provenance from Kubuqi desert was less than that from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone.2)Chla,Chlb,Chl(a+b),and Car contents、Chla/b and Car/Chl of A. ordosica leaves showed a trend of first increase and then decrease under drought stress. Contents of Chla,Chlb,Chl(a+b) of A. ordosica leaves from Kubuqi desert were higher than A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone under the severe drought stress. However there were no significant differences in contents of Car and Car/Chl of the three different provenances. The Chla/b of A. ordosica from Desert-steppe transitional zone was greatest, followed by that from Mu Us Sandy land, and then by that from Kubuqi desert.3)Contents of starch, soluble sugars and NSC of three different provenances leaves showed a trend of first decrease and then increase. Contents of starch, soluble sugars and NSC of A. ordosica from Desert-steppe transitional zone were higher than A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert and Mu Us Sandy land under severe drought stress, and contents of starch, soluble sugars and NSC of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert were higher than those of A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land. Contents of starch, soluble sugars and NSC of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert were higher than those of A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone under slight drought stress.【Conclusion】Through the comparison of morphology and physiology characteristics of three different provenances of A. ordosica, we find that the drought resistance of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert is stronger than A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone.


全 文 :第 51 卷 第 2 期
2 0 1 5 年 2 月
林 业 科 学
SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE
Vol. 51,No. 2
Feb.,2 0 1 5
doi:10.11707 / j.1001-7488.20150205
收稿日期: 2014 - 11 - 14; 修回日期: 2015 - 01 - 14。
基金项目: “十二五”国家科技计划专题(2012BAD16B0102) ;国家自然科学基金项目(31470622)。
* 李清河为通讯作者。
不同种源油蒿形态与生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应*
王林龙1 李清河1 徐 军2 薛海霞1 江泽平1
(1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室 北京 100091;
2.中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心 磴口 015200)
摘 要: 【目的】了解干旱胁迫对不同种源油蒿的形态和生理特征的影响,同时比较不同种源油蒿的抗旱能力,
为我国干旱、半干旱地区引种提供理论依据。【方法】以毛乌素沙地、库布齐沙漠、草原荒漠过渡带的 3 个种源油
蒿为材料,进行不同水分处理,研究在适宜、轻度干旱、重度干旱情况下不同种源油蒿株高、基径、叶面积、比叶面
积、叶绿素 a(Chla)、叶绿素 b(Chlb)、叶绿素( a + b)[Chl( a + b)]、类胡萝卜素(Car)、叶绿素 a / b(Chla / b)、类胡萝
卜素 /叶绿素(Car /Chl)、可溶性糖、淀粉、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的变化。【结果】3 个种源地油蒿形态特征、
光合色素含量以及 NSC 对干旱胁迫响应趋势一致,表现为随着干旱胁迫加剧:1) 油蒿的株高、基径、叶面积和比叶
面积呈现逐渐减小趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿的株高、叶面积、基径大于毛乌素沙地和草原荒
漠过渡带油蒿,而比叶面积小于毛乌素沙地和草原荒漠过渡带油蒿; 2) 油蒿叶片的 Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b),Car,
Chla / b 和 Car /Chl 呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的 Chla,Chlb,Chl(a + b)
大于毛乌素沙地和草原荒漠过渡带油蒿叶片,而 3 个种源地油蒿的 Car 含量以及 Car /Chl 相差不大,Chla / b 表现为
草原荒漠过渡带最大,毛乌素沙地其次,库布齐沙漠最小; 3)油蒿叶片可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量呈现先减小后增
大的趋势,其中在重度干旱情况下,草原荒漠过渡带油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量均大于库布齐沙漠和毛
乌素沙地油蒿叶片,而库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量又大于毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片; 在轻度干
旱情况下,库布齐沙漠油蒿叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量大于草原荒漠过渡带和毛乌素沙地油蒿叶片。【结
论】从 3 个种源地油蒿株高、基径、叶面积、比叶面积、Chla、Chlb、Chl( a + b)、Car、Chla / b、Car /Chl、可溶性糖、淀粉、
NSC 等指标比较中,推测来自库布齐沙漠的油蒿较毛乌素沙地、草原和荒漠过渡带油蒿具有更强的抗旱性。
关键词: 油蒿; 种源; 水分胁迫; 形态; 生理; 响应
中图分类号: S718. 43 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1001 - 7488(2015)02 - 0037 - 07
Morphology and Physiology Characteristic Responses of Different
Provenances of Artemisia ordosica to Drought Stress
Wang Linlong1 Li Qinghe1 Xu Jun2 Xue Haixia1 Jiang Zeping1
(1 . Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation,State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forestry,CAF Beijing 100091;
2 . Experimental Center for Desert Forestry,CAF Dengkou 015200)
Abstract: 【Objective】In this study, we investigated effects of drought stress on morphology and physiology
characteristics of Artemisia ordosica and compare with the drought-resistant ability of three different provenances of A.
ordosica,to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction of the species to China 's arid and semi-arid area.【Method】
Three different provenances of A. ordosica were collected from Mu Us Sandy land,Kubuqi desert,and Desert-steppe
transitional zone,and subjected to different soil moisture to investigate the changes of plant height,stem size,leaf area,
Sla,content of Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b) and Car,Chla / b and Car /Chl and content of starch,soluble sugars and NSC.
【Result】The response of morphology characteristics,photosynthetic pigment content,and contents of starch,soluble
sugars and NSC of three different provenances of A. ordosica to drought stress was consistent. Namely,as the drought
stress increased,1 ) plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and SLA,showed a trend of gradual decrease. The plant
height,stem size,and leaf area of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert were greater than those from Mu Us Sandy land and
Desert-steppe transitional zone under the severe drought stress. However Sla of the provenance from Kubuqi desert was less
林 业 科 学 51 卷
than that from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone. 2)Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b),and Car contents、Chla / b
and Car /Chl of A. ordosica leaves showed a trend of first increase and then decrease under drought stress. Contents of
Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b) of A. ordosica leaves from Kubuqi desert were higher than A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and
Desert-steppe transitional zone under the severe drought stress. However there were no significant differences in contents of
Car and Car /Chl of the three different provenances. The Chla / b of A. ordosica from Desert-steppe transitional zone was
greatest,followed by that from Mu Us Sandy land,and then by that from Kubuqi desert. 3) Contents of starch,soluble
sugars and NSC of three different provenances leaves showed a trend of first decrease and then increase. Contents of
starch,soluble sugars and NSC of A. ordosica from Desert-steppe transitional zone were higher than A. ordosica from
Kubuqi desert and Mu Us Sandy land under severe drought stress,and contents of starch,soluble sugars and NSC of A.
ordosica from Kubuqi desert were higher than those of A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land. Contents of starch,soluble
sugars and NSC of A. ordosica from Kubuqi desert were higher than those of A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and
Desert-steppe transitional zone under slight drought stress.【Conclusion】Through the comparison of morphology and
physiology characteristics of three different provenances of A. ordosica,we find that the drought resistance of A. ordosica
from Kubuqi desert is stronger than A. ordosica from Mu Us Sandy land and Desert-steppe transitional zone.
Key words: Artemisia ordosica; provenances; drought stress; morphology; physiology; response
随着全球暖干化,干旱胁迫普遍存在(Chaves et
al.,2002; Verslues et al.,2006),而且呈加剧趋势
(Wassmann et al.,2009)。有研究表明,干旱环境严
重影响植物的生长和发育( Shao et al.,2009; Hsiao
et al.,1976; Bradford et al.,1982; McDonald et al.,
1993),干旱加剧对植物性能有负面影响(Walther et
al.,2002),如随着干旱加剧,植物通过减小株高、基
径、叶面积、比叶面积和总生物量(Maes et al.,2009;
Liu et al.,2004; Li et al.,2000; Wu et al.,2008),增
大根冠比(Wu et al.,2000)等策略来适应环境胁迫,
增强其抗旱性。不仅不同物种之间对水分胁迫响应
有差异,而且同一物种不同种群之间和不同发育阶
段对水分胁迫的敏感程度也不同(Demirevska et al.,
2009; Zhang et al.,2004)。干旱胁迫除了对形态特
征有影响之外,还对植物的叶绿体造成伤害,使叶绿
素和类胡萝卜素的含量下降(Zhang et al.,1996)。
油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)为菊科(Compositae)蒿
属(Artemisia)植物,是我国特有优良固沙半灌木植
物,分布在内蒙古、宁夏、陕西和甘肃等温带沙地,分
布中心在鄂尔多斯高原。我国温带半干旱区的沙地
中,油蒿具有很强的适应性,成为植被演替过程中最
重要的物种之一(刘家琼等,1988)。目前国内对油
蒿、 柽 柳 ( Tamarix chinensis )、 沙 冬 青
(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)等沙生植物进行过抗
旱研究,但对于不同种源油蒿的抗旱方面研究少有
报道。经过野外观察发现,油蒿在沙漠、沙地及草原
与荒漠过渡带都有分布,其长势存在差异,因此本文
以毛乌素沙地、库布齐沙漠、荒漠化草原和草原化荒
漠过渡带 3 个种源地的油蒿为材料,进行不同水分
处理,了解不同种源油蒿对干旱胁迫的形态和生理
特征响应趋势变化,进而比较对不同种源抗旱能力,
为我国干旱、半干旱地区引种提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1. 1 试验材料
从库布齐沙漠、毛乌素沙地、荒漠化草原和草原
化荒漠过渡带 3 个地点 (分别以 DEOR,WSOR 和
HYOR 表示)采集一定数量具有代表性的母株种子
(采集地的经纬度、年降水量和年蒸发量见表 1),并
于 2014 年 4 月中旬在中国林业科学研究院温室内
进行营养钵(规格为 5 cm × 5 cm,基质为蛭石 ∶ 珍珠
岩 ∶草炭土 = 1∶ 3 ∶ 6)育苗,待幼苗出现后,选取生长
状况一致的植株移栽到花盆(规格 15 cm × 15 cm × 20
cm),基质为蛭石 ∶ 珍珠岩 ∶ 草炭土 = 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 5。待植
株完全成活后,以称重法进行水分处理,并隔期观测
数据。3 个种源(DEOR,WSOR,HYOR)和 3 种水分
处理(5%,15%,30% 的土壤含水量)随机组合成 9
个试验组(每组 5 株植株)。水分处理过程中,待移
栽的植株成活后,每隔 3 天浇 1 次水,并称重,确保
土壤含水量为 5%,15%,30%,直至 2014 年 9 月底
破坏性采样结束。为了减小试验环境差异,将 9 个
试验组系统均放置在中国林业科学研究院温室苗
床上。
83
第 2 期 王林龙等: 不同种源油蒿形态与生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应
表 1 不同种源油蒿种子采集地的降水量和蒸发量
Tab. 1 Precipitation and evaporation of the A. ordosica populations where the seeds used in this study were collected
种源 Populations
地点 Location
经度 Longitude 纬度 Latitude
年降水量
Annual
precipitation /mm
年蒸发量
Annual
evaporation /mm
毛乌素沙地 WSOR
Mu Us sandy land
109°1211. 2 ″ E 38°5451. 6 ″ N 340 2 425. 8
库布齐沙漠 DEOR
Kubqi desert
109°2352. 98″ E 40°2129. 48″ N 250 2 600
荒漠化草原和草原化荒漠过渡带 HYOR
Desert-steppe transitional zone
107°5134. 6 ″ E 40°0142. 3 ″ N 288 2 467
1. 2 叶片形态测定
2014 年 10 月初,于植株各方位选取 5 ~ 8 片健
康叶片,用 Yaxin-1241 叶面积仪(北京雅欣理仪科
技有限公司)测定各植株叶片面积。将叶片装入信
封内烘干至恒重(78 ℃,48 h),测定干质量。比叶
面积( specific leaf area,SLA,cm2·g - 1 )计算公式为:
SLA =总叶面积( cm2 ) /叶片干质量( g)。株高和基
径分别用 5 m 钢卷尺和数显游标卡尺测定。
1. 3 叶片光合色素及非结构性碳水化合物测定
光合色素含量、可溶性糖和淀粉的测定参照陈
建勋等(2006)的方法,非结构性碳水化合物 ( non-
structural carbohydrates,NSC) 含量 = 可溶性糖总
量 +淀粉含量。
1. 4 数据处理
对以上各项指标采用双因素方差分析和单
因素方差分析及多重比较 ( Duncan 法检验 ),比
较不同种源对水分胁迫的形态和生理特征响应
差异。所有分析在 SPSS 19. 0 软件下完成,图表
采用 Microsoft Excel 2007 和 Originlab Pro8. 0 软
件进行绘制。
2 结果与分析
2. 1 油蒿形态特征响应
随着干旱加剧,油蒿的株高、基径、叶面积和比
叶面积逐渐减小 (图 1),而且不同水分对株高、基
径、叶面积和比叶面积影响极显著 ( P < 0. 01 或
P < 0. 001)(表 2)。其中在重度干旱情况下,DEOR
的株高分别为 HYOR 和 WSOR 株高的 1. 15 和 1. 16
倍; DEOR 和 WSOR 的基径相差不大,比 HYOR 的
基径 大 12% ; DEOR 的 叶 面 积 大 于 HYOR 和
WSOR,分别为其叶面积的 1. 25 和 1. 5 倍; 而
WSOR 的比叶面积( SLA)均大于 DEOR 和 HYOR,
分别为其 SLA 的 1. 09 和 1. 1 倍。
表 2 不同种源、水分及交互作用对
油蒿形态和生理特征的影响(F 值) ①
Tab. 2 Morphological and physiological characteristics of
A. ordosica to different provenances,different water
stress and their interactive effects(F value)
种源
Provenances
水分
Water stress
种源 ×水分
Provenances ×
water stress
株高 Plant height 3. 66 * 68. 47*** 1. 83 ns
基径 Stem diameter 7. 54*** 76*** 0. 04 ns
叶面积 leaf area 9. 77*** 15. 8*** 2. 58 ns
SLA 3. 91 * 6. 93** 0. 36 ns
Chla 3 ns 40. 07*** 0. 41 ns
Chlb 4. 12 * 2. 72 ns 0. 69 ns
Chl( a + b) 4. 43 * 16. 92*** 0. 49 ns
Car 0. 02 ns 12. 75*** 0. 07 ns
Chla / b 1. 93 ns 2. 74 ns 0. 60 ns
Car /Chl 0. 07 ns 8. 08*** 0. 14 ns
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar 71. 91*** 121. 44*** 160. 31***
淀粉 Starch 67. 11*** 13. 69*** 8. 18***
NSC 96. 15*** 89. 58*** 88. 64***
①* : P < 0. 05;**:P < 0. 01;***:P < 0. 001;ns:P > 0. 05.
2. 2 油蒿光合色素含量响应
随着干旱加剧,油蒿的 Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b),
Car,Chla / b 和 Car /Chl 呈现先增大后减小的趋势
(表 3),而不同水分对油蒿的 Chla,Chl( a + b),Car
和 Car /Chl 影响极显著(P < 0. 001)(表 2)。其中在
重度干旱情况下,DEOR 的 Chla 含量和 WSOR 相差
不大,分别为 0. 70 和 0. 68,是 HYOR 的 1. 15 倍;
DEOR 的 Chlb,Chl ( a + b)含量均大于 HYOR 和
WSOR,分别为 HYOR 和 WSOR 的 1. 5,1. 27 和
1. 26,1. 12 倍; WSOR,HYOR 和 DEOR 的 Car 含量
相差不大,分别为 0. 03,0. 02 和 0. 02; 而 HYOR 的
Chla / b 最大,WSOR 其 次,DEOR 最 小; WSOR,
HYOR 和 DEOR 的 Car /Chl 相差不大。
93
林 业 科 学 51 卷
图 1 不同种源油蒿形态特征对干旱胁迫的响应
Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of different provenances of A. ordosica under different water stress(mean ± S. E. )
W5% : 土壤含水量为 5% 5% soil water content; W15% ; 土壤含水量为 15% 15% soil water content; W30% :土壤含水量为
30% 30% soil water content. 不同字母表示处理间差异显著 ( P < 0. 05) Different letters meant significant difference among
different treatments at 0. 05 level.
表 3 不同种源油蒿光合色素含量对干旱胁迫的响应①
Tab. 3 Photosynthetic pigment content of different provenances of A. ordosica under different water stress
土壤含水量
Soil water
content(% )
Chla Chlb Chl( a + b) Car Chla / b Car /Chl
5%
WSOR 0. 68 ± 0. 04BC 0. 31 ± 0. 02AB 1. 26 ± 0. 07BC 0. 03 ± 0. 01B 2. 21 ± 0. 08AB 0. 02 ± 0. 01ABC
HYOR 0. 61 ± 0. 03C 0. 26 ± 0. 03B 1. 11 ± 0. 09C 0. 02 ± 0. 01B 2. 39 ± 0. 14AB 0. 02 ± 0. 00BC
DEOR 0. 70 ± 0. 02BC 0. 39 ± 0. 06A 1. 41 ± 0. 11B 0. 02 ± 0. 00B 1. 94 ± 0. 24B 0. 02 ± 0. 00C
15%
WSOR 0. 99 ± 0. 05A 0. 41 ± 0. 03A 1. 77 ± 0. 10A 0. 08 ± 0. 02A 2. 47 ± 0. 16AB 0. 05 ± 0. 01ABC
HYOR 0. 88 ± 0. 06A 0. 34 ± 0. 02AB 1. 53 ± 0. 09AB 0. 08 ± 0. 03A 2. 64 ± 0. 19A 0. 05 ± 0. 02A
DEOR 0. 93 ± 0. 04A 0. 41 ± 0. 05A 1. 71 ± 0. 10A 0. 09 ± 0. 03A 2. 40 ± 0. 29AB 0. 05 ± 0. 02AB
30%
WSOR 0. 73 ± 0. 04BC 0. 37 ± 0. 03AB 1. 41 ± 0. 09B 0. 03 ± 0. 01B 2. 00 ± 0. 09B 0. 02 ± 0. 01ABC
HYOR 0. 70 ± 0. 03BC 0. 30 ± 0. 03AB 1. 26 ± 0. 08BC 0. 03 ± 0. 01B 2. 39 ± 0. 17AB 0. 03 ± 0. 01ABC
DEOR 0. 74 ± 0. 03B 0. 34 ± 0. 03AB 1. 38 ± 0. 08BC 0. 04 ± 0. 01B 2. 28 ± 0. 18AB 0. 03 ± 0. 01ABC
①同列不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0. 05)。Different letters meant significant difference among different treatments at 0. 05 level. 下同。
The same below.
2. 3 油蒿叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)响应
随着干旱加剧,可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 的含量
呈先减小后增大的趋势(表 4),而不同水分对可溶
性糖、淀粉和 NSC 影响极显著(P < 0. 001) (表 2)。
其中在重度干旱情况下,HYOR 的可溶性糖、淀粉和
NSC 含量均大于 DEOR 和 WSOR,而 DEOR 的可溶
性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量又大于 WSOR; 在轻度干旱
情况下,DEOR 的可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量大于
HYOR 和 WSOR。
04
第 2 期 王林龙等: 不同种源油蒿形态与生理特征对干旱胁迫的响应
表 4 不同种源油蒿淀粉、可溶性糖和 NSC 含量对干旱胁迫的响应
Tab. 4 Starch,soluble sugar and NSC content of different provenances of A. ordosica under different water stress
土壤含水量
Soil water content(% )
可溶性糖
Soluble sugar
淀粉
Starch
非结构性碳水化合物
NSC
5
WSOR 4. 70 ± 0. 10C 1. 02 ± 0. 02E 5. 72 ± 0. 12E
HYOR 4. 82 ± 0. 10C 1. 27 ± 0. 03BC 6. 09 ± 0. 12CD
DEOR 4. 74 ± 0. 09C 1. 21 ± 0. 05CD 5. 95 ± 0. 13C
15
WSOR 3. 44 ± 0. 06D 0. 78 ± 0. 03F 4. 22 ± 0. 09G
HYOR 3. 66 ± 0. 07D 1. 07 ± 0. 11DE 4. 73 ± 0. 18F
DEOR 4. 61 ± 0. 05C 1. 15 ± 0. 03CDE 5. 76 ± 0. 10DE
30
WSOR 4. 83 ± 0. 09C 0. 75 ± 0. 01F 5. 58 ± 0. 10E
HYOR 6. 33 ± 0. 09A 1. 40 ± 0. 05AB 7. 73 ± 0. 04A
DEOR 5. 78 ± 0. 04B 1. 45 ± 0. 04A 7. 23 ± 0. 07B
3 结论与讨论
植株在受到干旱胁迫时,其形态和生理特征都
会发生变化。如随着干旱加剧,植物株高、基径、叶
面积、比叶面积显著减小(Anjum et al.,2011; Liu et
al.,2004; Zhang et al.,2004; 肖春旺等,2001; 谢小
玉等,2014; 井大炜等,2014),这与本文研究结果
相一致。株高、基径、叶面积减小,是细胞膨压减小
和叶片衰老造成的(Manivannan et al.,2007),从而
减小了有效光合叶面积; 干旱胁迫造成叶面积减
小,可能是通过减小光合作用来抑制叶片扩张
(Rucker et al.,1995); 比叶面积减小,是植株对干
旱胁迫的响应,增强其抗干旱性,是植株适应干旱环
境的结果。
叶绿素方面,表现为随着干旱加剧,油蒿的
Chla,Chlb,Chl( a + b),Car,Chla / b 和 Car /Chl 呈现
先增大后减小的趋势。Chla,Chlb 和 Chl( a + b)的
变化趋势与李芳兰等(2009)的研究结果不同,与井
大炜等 ( 2014 )、Guerfel 等 ( 2009 )、Manivannan 等
(2007)、谢小玉等(2014)、孙景宽等(2011)和潘昕
等(2014)研究结果相一致。随着干旱胁迫加剧,导
致叶绿素含量降低,可能是叶绿体膜受到破坏所造
成的,从而造成叶肉细胞水分缺失 ( Anjum et al.,
2011),而水分是光合作用的重要物质,所以会对植
物生长产生不利影响,这也解释了植物株高、基径、
叶面积、比叶面积会显著减小的原因。Car 是植物
光合作用色素蛋白复合体不可缺少的组分,其可以
作为捕光色素,并且在保护光合器官免受单线态氧
的伤害中起重要作用 ( Siefernann-Harms,1985;
1987; Demmig-adams,1990; Young,1991; Dutton,
1997; 张其德等,1997)。本研究中,Car 和 Car /Chl
的变化趋势一致,即先增大后减小,表明随着干旱加
剧,Car 和 Car /Chl 会有一个上升的过程,从而提高
其抗旱能力,当干旱继续加剧,则引起细胞水分严重
缺失,对 Car 和 Car /Chl 产生一定的影响。
随着干旱加剧,可溶性糖、淀粉和 NSC 含量呈
先减小后增大的趋势。而 NSC 整体上呈增大趋势,
这可能是在轻度干旱情况下,会促进植物的新陈代
谢,加快了对碳的投资以抵抗干旱环境; 在重度干
旱情况下,植物细胞水分的缺失,会降低植物新陈代
谢的速度,直接限制了碳的投资,导致大量 NSC 在
植物体内积累(郑云普等,2014)。在重度干旱情况
下,不同种源油蒿的形态特征和生理特征表现出差
异性,如 DEOR 的株高、基径、叶面积、Chla、Chlb、
Chl( a + b)均大于 HYOR 和 WSOR,而可溶性糖、淀
粉和 NSC 含量与 WSOR 相差不大,但大于 HYOR,
这说明来自库布齐沙漠的油蒿较毛乌素沙地和荒漠
化草原与草原化荒漠过渡带的油蒿表现出更强的抗
旱性。库布齐沙漠的油蒿,由于长期处于干旱环境,
其结构和生理性状发生变化来适应干旱胁迫,随着
不断的演替,这些结构和生理性状发生遗传变异,从
而使植株适应长期的干旱胁迫。
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