（1.Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004; 2.National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China Changsha 410004; 3. Key Laboratory of NonWood Forest Product of State Forestry AdministrationChangsha 410004; 4.Huitong Ecological Station for Chinese Fir Plantation of Hunan Province Huitong 418300；5.Key Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province Changsha 410004）
Abstract： In this study, tetraploid of oil camellia (Camellia oleifera) was identified from the superior clones which were treated with colchicine, and the tetraploid variation was investigated with the experimental material. Analysis of the number of chromosome showed the chromosome number of the tetraploid oil camellia was 2n=4x=60, compared with the diploid (2n=2x=30). The morphological observation showed that the leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness and the space of leaf in the tetraploid were respectively increased by 98%, 385%, 25%, 4825%, 67%, compared with the diploid. The chlorophyll content and the length and width of guard cells were respectively increased by 4787%, 4815% and 3726%, while the leaf\|shape index reduced 381% than that in the control group. In addition, the leaf of tetraploid plant became more round, the total DNA content was twice as the control group was, and the net photosynthetic rate was also greater than that of the control group. The genetic polymorphism analysis with the mt DNA and cpDNA primers showed that no polymorphic locus was found in the tetraploid, which meant that the tetraploid was autotetraploid, however the genetic polymorphism analysis in the nDNA exhibited that the polymorphic ratio was 51%.
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