采用实地调查法、Delphi法和AHP法,建立旅游生态位评价指标体系; 以张家界、天门山国家森林公园为研究区域,运用旅游生态位重叠模型从生态位视角评价国家森林公园旅游竞争。研究表明: 张家界、天门山国家森林公园旅游生态位重叠值为0.190 4,说明它们之间旅游竞争总体上并不明显; 但在旅游资源和旅游服务等一级指标方面,张家界、天门山国家森林公园旅游生态位重叠值分别为0.320 5和0.327 5; 在资源区位、基础设施服务、旅游信息服务等二级指标方面,张家界、天门山国家森林公园旅游生态位重叠值分别为0.623 2,0.487 0和0.471 0; 在娱乐、购物、内交通畅通性、通讯网络建设程度、宣传促销力度和资源环境保护状况等三级指标方面,张家界、天门山国家森林公园旅游生态位重叠值分别为0.953 5,0.608 1,0.540 7,0.637 9,0.615 2和0.993 6,说明它们在上述指标存在旅游竞争。在以后旅游发展过程中,张家界、天门山国家森林公园应该尽量避免上述指标旅游竞争。
In order to evaluate tourism competition of the National Forest Parks, this paper proposed a tourism niche overlap theory and models based on the niche theory. Based on a field survey, an evaluation index system of tourism niche was established with Delphi and AHP methods. The system was used to measure the tourism competition between Zhangjiajie National Forest Park and Tianmenshan National Forest Park with the tourism niche overlap models. The results showed that: the tourism niche overlap of Zhangjiajie and Tianmenshan National Forest Park was 0.190 4 and showed there was no apparent tourism competition. But there exited competition between Zhangjiajie and Tianmenshan National Forest Park with tourism resource and tourism service, resource location, infrastructure service and tourism information service, entertainment, shopping, free traffic, the degree of communication network, advocacy effort and resource to promote environmental protection because the tourism niche overlap between Zhangjiajie and Tianmenshan National Forest Park was 0.320 5, 0.327 5, 0.623 2, 0.487 0, 0.471 0,0.608 1, 0.540 7, 0.637 9, 0.615 2, 0.993 6. Both Zhangjiajie and Tianmenshan National Forest Park should avoid the tourism competition of these indicators in the future.