免费文献传递   相关文献

Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Growth and Infestation of Botryosphaeria dothidea

脉冲磁场对葡萄座腔菌生长及侵染的影响


利用脉冲磁场研究在固定脉冲前沿宽度10 ms条件下,不同脉冲时间对葡萄座腔菌生长及侵染的影响。结果表明: 短时间内的脉冲磁场处理即可有效抑制葡萄座腔菌的生长及侵染能力,处理时间越长,抑制作用越强。当脉冲处理45 min时,菌落生长48 h的抑菌率为54.11%,接种葡萄座腔菌的毛白杨愈伤组织72 h后的褐化指数仅为26.89%。当脉冲处理60 min时,抑菌效果最好,菌落全部死亡。扫描电镜观察结果可知: 与对照相比,脉冲磁场处理的葡萄座腔菌的菌丝粗细不均,表面皱缩; 菌丝体之间相互粘连,部分菌丝分枝、干瘪。透射电镜观察可知: 脉冲处理后菌丝的细胞壁变薄,细胞内部组成紊乱、降解,细胞结构破坏严重,胞内空腔增多; 同时毛白杨愈伤组织的细胞结构受到葡萄座腔菌不同程度的破坏,细胞壁变形、解体,中胶层分解,质膜断裂,质壁分离; 细胞器分解沉积于细胞壁附近,细胞内菌丝降解,管腔空化。脉冲磁场对葡萄座腔菌的生长及侵染具有较强的抑制作用,可改变菌丝超微结构。

The effect of different treating time with the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the growth and infestation of Botryosphaeria dothidea was studied under a condition of fixed pulse rise time 10 ms. The results showed that short PMF treatment was able to effectively inhibit growth and infestation Botryosphaeria dothidea, and the longer time the treatment , the stronger the inhibition. With pulse treatment for 45 min, colony was inhibited by 54.11% in 48 h, and the browning index of poplar callus inoculation after 72 h was only 26.89%; With pulse treatment for 60 min, the inhibitory effect was best, and the colony all was dead. The observations with SEM revealed that the colony had the characteristics of uneven thickness, the mycelium stuck together, the surface wrinkled, branch and parts of hyphae even dried out. Based on TEM, after pulse magnetic field treatment, the cell wall became significantly thinner and the inner parts disordered and degraded, moreover the cell structure was destroyed seriously and intracellular vacuoles increased. In the meantime, the poplar callus cells structure was influenced to different degrees by B. dothidea, including deformation and disintegration of cell wall, decomposition of the layer, fracture of plasma membrane, plasmolysis; Cell organelles decomposed and deposited near cell walls, degradation of intracellular hyphae and cavum. The pulsed magnetic field had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and infestation of B. dothidea and could change the mycelium ultrastructure.


全 文 :N!"
% N
33
z
7 8 3 3
Q
33
R
! " # $
>5_JVY_M >_LeMJ >_V_5MJ
e(-c!"&V(c33
V(SN&7 8 3 3
qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
!

#
J
3!7
#
K%L
7
#
MN
3
#
5OP
?
#
/
#
Q
3
#3c
=_!"#$56`>!W}Š0EKÄ56a _0!"s>!KÄ$ƒcGde
#
fA
388843
7c
Ifú!#¦Â$!$`
#
¹é
"37388 ?c
¸fÂ$’ͯ°$×$`
#
K@
8"3887$
%
#
&
!#
¤¥qrA567­@q(†:½
38 1.
nÀ—
&
ւqr¼š^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
%
eFAä
)
)r¼b/qrA߸Êꒇ>?^s׊ˆ/WX¶t®)
&
߸r¼ÉX
&
>?ÿ¥Éï
%
ÿqß¸
!H 1&
r
&
ˆUWX
!F 6
/>ˆ©3
H!c33I&
d4^s׊ˆ/¹ž¹¤´op
"7 6
/ÒI‡
å3
7PcF4I%
ÿqß¸
P8 1&
r
&
>ˆ‡FÐ
&
ˆUstv%
¼½’u‚ƒeFêÚ
)
Eš›L™
&

rA߸/^s׊ˆ/ˆvݬÖÕ
&
Açwå

ˆva|¼LêÀ%
&
tnˆvnE
(
ºx
%
hy’u‚ƒê
Ú
)
qß¸ˆv/¬­®Rz
&
¬­bto„ij
(
³.
&
¬­eLdeõƒ
&
­bæŠÁÒ

‚r¹ž¹¤´
op/¬­eLxç^s׊ˆÖ‚×½/de
&
¬­®R|
(
.a
&
=‘Ïn.
&
ÅfÌ{
&
Å®n¨

¬­æn
.Οʬ­®)Ñ
&
¬­bˆv³.
&
̊æI
%
qrAš^s׊ˆ/WX¶t®{’Œï/>?ÿ¥
&
ê
QRˆvIueL
%
()
)#
qrA

^s׊ˆ

ª‚

ˆv

¬­eL
*+,-.
! >"P?c3###
#$/01
!M###
#23.
!3883 O"!FF#7833$33 O88F8 O8F
ŽSz
) 7838 O37 O?3
‘Sz
) 7833 O8H O7?%
9’“
)
_0g§#$9’“
#?8P"3PF"$ %
!§|3&¤ÿ¥
%
+**"8)4%*=>$4"501O(")78Z7"$5%(62%A);1(5P(*"4)1)7%(%*
60.#70-)2"#$" 80.2$8"
A6%$E&$
3&7
#>($K&%(@&
7
#A6%$K&$C%(
3
#G%$A62+6%(
?
#L&%$U*
3
#3*B"0!(;25(2502CG25".50%52"1427 2C@("G25".50+<3474.5(427#H"."(51/ I7.4:"2CG25".#12)2A0& #7F45273"7
(7< %52"1427& -+G#E"4J47A 388843 7*-2)"A"2CG25".50& Q25/\".+]GU74F"5.40#W(7A)47A "37388
?*-2)"A"2C#)"152741(7< I7C253(427 #7A47""547A& O";"4U74F"5.40#E(2<47A 8"3887$
:?4)218))#Y622)2+,()<&)202,,02%,&$,&12T&,6 ,62;*-.2< 1%$2,&+)&2-< #=EW$ ( ,62$0(T,6 %< &)2.,%,&( ()
E2502.6/("54( <2/4<"( T%..,*<&2< *<20%+(<&,&( ())&:2< ;*-.20&.2,&1238 1.NY6202.*-,..6(T2< ,6%,.6(0,=EW
,02%,12,T%.%@-2,(2)2+,&S2-C&6&@&,$0(T,6 %< &)2.,%,&( E2502.6/("54( <2/4<"(& %< ,62-($20,&12,62,02%,12,&
,62.,0($20,62&6&@&,&(NG&,6 ;*-.2,02%,12,)(0!H 1&& +(-(CT%.&6&@&,2< @CH!c33I & !F 6& %< ,62@0(T&$
&<2:();(;-%0+%-*.&(+*-%,&( %),20"7 6 T%.(-C7PcF4I G&,6 ;*-.2,02%,12,)(0P8 1&& ,62&6&@&,(0C2)2+,T%.
@2.,& %< ,62+(-(C%-T%.<2%JE02S2%-2< ,6%,,62+(-(C6%< ,62+6%0%+,20&.,&+.()*2S2
,6&+`2..& ,621C+2-&*1.,*+` ,($2,620& ,62.*0)%+2T0&`-2<& @0%+6 %< ;%0,.()6C;6%22S2 <0&2< (*,N/%.2< ( YJE&
%),20;*-.21%$2,&+)&2-< ,02%,12,& ,62+2-T%-@2+%12.&$&)&+%,-C,6&20%< ,62&20;%0,.<&.(0<202< %<
<2$0%<2<& 1(02(S20,62+2-.,0*+,*02T%.<2.,0(C2< .20&(*.-C%< &,0%+2-*-%0S%+*(-2.&+02%.2;(;-%0+%-*.+2-..,0*+,*02T%.&)-*2+2< ,(<&)202,<2$022.@CE*<2/4<"(& &+-*<&$<2)(01%,&( %< <&.&,2$0%,&( ()
+2-T%-& <2+(1;(.&,&( (),62-%C20& )0%+,*02();-%.1%121@0%2& ;-%.1(-C.&. 52-(0$%2-2.<2+(1;(.2< %<
<2;(.&,2< 2%0+2-T%-.& <2$0%<%,&( ()&,0%+2-*-%06C;6%2%< +%S*1NY62;*-.2< 1%$2,&+)&2-< 6%< %.,0($&6&@&,(0C
2)2+,( ,62$0(T,6 %< &)2.,%,&( ()E*<2/4<"( %< +(*-< +6%$2,621C+2-&*1*-,0%.,0*+,*02N
@"9 A%254)#;*-.2< 1%$2,&+)&2-< E2502.6/("54( <2/4<"( ;%,6($2&+&,C 1C+2-&*1 +2->,0*+,*02
##
^s׊ˆ}
#E2502.6/("54( .;;N$
ÈnÈ
@nã}
&
ê3„Ò4\Ä/Eº¶FG
&
Úô~

(
Ey
(
F€]
&
wª¥ý!ýų›
&
b?!{
@³´
&
΂!‚^³´
&
P„õƒ/¸„,b
?>.
#
S~‚]
& 7883$%
(š\Ä~‚/7
ÛÓ®±=7I$\‰
(
^‚4ÅÏ9
(
ñ!4j]
#N
33
z ¡
#
ä]
)
qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð

&
*)Ï9`ŠK
(
܇
(
b?
(
9¤/7Û01
#
¡¼ƒ]
& 788?$%
õ’/56Aä
)
qrAê
ªWú/op
(
„b
(
!…Ì
(
ņ¶ºIÃöCW
RI
#L&@*0êµ{Wïð/Wú‡Õ
&
ïð€/O^=!
&
2hïðã|€:àÌòó


wª¬­ÄÈ{¶bt(u̝ž|àÞ
ueL.™
&
ëhï𴇹’vn{/23
&
¤W
úabCWÇ4W¸
(
WI,()/RI
&
1AD`
é9ù,(©9ù^
&
wª¬­WXszx>?
&
ˆÚ[#
–àW
& 7887$%
ôÊWúTŠ{ÍÒ4Wú’rþ^
&
3àct’rAd§iïð\Ķ˜‰W7\ĺ/
Ç4‚vWú/Wú‡Õ
#
–àW
& 7887$&
7þ@
nÀ—
&
qrAêôçŠ>‚vWú´5Ü!Ä
^^//
&
à|˜šW}Š0ïð~
(
¥r)
(
)
‹´
(
b?9¤
&
Ñ|Q2Œ_bc$¥ã}56
%
T56µ^s׊ˆ
#E2502.6/("54( <2/4<"($
3hdýþ
&
µqrA3¦§z߸^s׊
ˆ
&
56qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
&
1ëIueLýèˆv/WXRIµ¶7t®×
=ŽÓ¬­/gÕ
&
j/÷qrAš‚vuW
ú/ÿ¥?
%
3#
ýþE01
BCBD
745
hda¥^s׊ˆ
&
9g=_!"#$56
`_0!"s>!KÄ$ƒcGde
%
¹ž¹
#%26:):.23"72.($
¤´opa¥¹ž
¹¦g=_!"#$56`
%
]
7
QWkÆEn
&
„
H +1
X/z
&
b
"HI
‘É
?8 .&3c8 $*` $
O3
i
’
P gF 1&
º¹
&
¥†ˆ”±
? gH
ñ
&
]AÀ
“Àt
#
²|„Ï
$&
1›˜¦„
P 11j! 11
Â~

&
§d4筒
H8 1L
vwb,9/d4;
=
&
|„Ï¢•b,9
&
€;d4
H
”
#
§|
&
788F%$% ?8
Z23†òb,
&
%ð†ò
?
ñ¶µ
º
&
%¤´opÂâ
3c7 +1
?
¥Êhd
%
vw b , 9 „ n
) E> # !c! $*L
O3
>&$1%)
EHH34$ k7& !DQ#7c8 1$*L
O3
$ kLR #8cH $*L
O3
$
k
Ž
" $*L
O3
k

78 $*L
O3
& ;RHcF
†òb
,9Evwb,9L™
&
é›
7& ! OQ
¾Ê
&
˜ä
ÖR
%
BCFD
ÌÍÎÏÐÑ
hd¥qrA­E/Ó®êT:
)
q(
†:½
&
qsz
&
q…
&
–¹r¼,qË…

%
q(†:½
Y
3
7
8c3 g38 1.
æçbµ
8c3 1.
3ˆDêS

qsz
Y
7
µ
3 1.
3ˆDê
S
#
І3
788 1.$
q…Ê
3
…qËb/
q…
&
µ
3
3ˆDêS
#
І3
388$
–¹
r¼Ê
7
…qË|¼/¼—r¼
&
µ
3 .
3ˆD
êS
#
І3
388 .$
qË…µ
3
3ˆDê
S
#
І3
388$%
rAï½V†Š&q(†:½
Y
3
”Á`
2/
%
h¹qrACW­E
&3 1.
q(†:½
rrAï½V†3
"78 B. H 1.
q(†:½rr
Aï½V†3
? 3F8 B. 38 1.
q(†:½rr
Aï½V†3
H 8F8 B.%
BCHD
7>?
3c?c3#
yz{|
#3$
6h^s׊ˆˆk7
7H i
nÀ—Ê
=QM
٠
#
"
P8 11$
º˜b,
7! 6&
”@
ˆUÊˏ
&
HjqrAs™b߸
%
­@q
(†:½
38 1.&
߸r¼Ë
3H&?8&!H&P8 1&!
…
”Ÿ
%
ˆqrA߸3š›
%
Ç߸ƒÀ
?
ñ
&
€ƒÀ
F
š
%
qrA߸ep
&
›Ç߸EÊ
7H i
¨Ýb,J†ð˜b,
&
‚ò^s׊ˆˆU
þq/RI
%
7$
^s׊ˆd401
#
qrAep
&
›
Ç߸EÊ
7H i
¨Ýb,J†ð˜b,
"7 6&
†ˆ
nÀ—¥Èˆ›Zæ7ˆUÎϛ]ÊË
H 11
/
ˆœ
&
§›ˆœ•7¤´opº
&7P i
˜b,
%
˜=€š
#
"
48 11(7I
/”Ž
$
ÕǝH
H
”W
Xª/¤´op
%
3c?c7#
‹#3$
qrAš^s׊ˆWX
/ïð
#
qrA߸
&
›Ç߸ˆUEÊ
7H i
¨Ýb,J˜b,
&
€Î
7! 6
‚ƒ^s׊ˆ/ˆ
Uþq1¥@c¸ž1ò@ˆUÊË
&
”Á€r
¼z/>ˆ©
#
;Û»]
& 788F$)
>ˆ©
m#5X
ˆ
UÊË
O
߸ˆUÊË
$]5X
ˆUÊË
j388I%
7$
¼½’u‚ƒqrAš^s׊ˆIu
eL/ïð
#
qrA߸ep
&
7
7H i
¨Ýb,
J˜b,
"7 6
/ˆUÎφˆ¦]
8cF g3 +1
7
/
…ˆ”
&
蘟j
7I
 Z³­@ž=eÝ­@
7 g! 6&
¥
8c3 1(-*L
O3
;R"c7
/ñsœž
#=/>$
±ºØ
& 3I
¡s­@
3 g7 6& 8c3 1(-*L
O3
;R"c7
/ñsœž°±
&
§ná¥
H8I&"8I&
F8I&48I&388I
/¯1J½u”
&
¢s^ REG
38 1&&
+¢s^ R<7
38 1&&5b
7
?Gcº
»
&
À]
&
¨Í£y1¤f
&
¼½’u—‚ƒ1›L
#
ÆHW
& 344P$%
?$
hy’u‚ƒqrAš^s׊ˆIu
eL/ïð
#
qrA߸ep
&
7
7H i
¨Ýb,
3F
! " # $
!"
%
#
J˜b,
"7 6
/ˆUÎϦ]
3 11
?
/…ˆ”
&
蘟j
7cHI ;R"c7
 Z³­@ž=eÝ­@
7 g! 6&
¥
8c3 1(-*L
O3
;R"c7
/ñsœž
#=/>$
±ºØ
&3I
¡s­@
3 g7 6&
¥
8c3 1(-*L
O3
;R"c7
/ñsœž°±
&
ւ„½/¯1u”
&
—
§´Šg—ÖEG
&
#
Ó¥ž
q
—§
m7q3 $
<
h
%
§Ó¥
&
™…
&
op”
&
Iz¦V
&
¢s¦,
§s¨M®Ó
&
hy’u—‚ƒ1›L
#
ÆHW
&
344P$%
!$
¹ž¹¤´opÒI‡/ò@
#
€Î
37 6
‚ƒ1X`¤´op/ˆvt®×½,ˆv/WX
lm
&
:›¡©]
#34F4 $
/n›Wo”ÁÒI
‡
%
H$
hy’u‚ƒ^s׊ˆš¹ž¹¤´o
pIueL/ïð
#
d4^s׊ˆ
"7 6&

´opdˆç¦]
7 11jH 11
/n¤´op
&
͵*dˆ¤´op3š›
%
›a]]Â7
!I
/
 Z³ñsœž=eÝ­@
37 6&
tÆá Z³
O
¡sM­@
&
b—§Ãpu”
&
Šg\Ž
#J;(
F37$
23ohÓ¥
&
Iz¦V
&
¢s¦,ª«s¨
®Ó
&
hy’u‚ƒ1›L
#
ÆHW
& 344P
X¬Ž
]
& 344F$%
7#
eFEn#
FCBD
ÌÍÎÏsÒÓÔÕ֙šdŒ
qrAւ߸r¼š^s׊ˆAD`Ö
‚/WX>?ÿ¥
&
^s׊ˆˆU`Dւ׽
/±*WX
%
ôÖ
3
ê+
)
ˆUWX
!F 6&5X(
qß¸
3H 1&
Eqß¸
?8 1&
ˆUè¡>^ÖÞß
&
ˆ
UÕ3žÓ
&
9WˆvCB

qß¸
!H 1&
ˆU
èéՆå3
7c3F +1&
ˆUўÓ
&
9WˆvWX


qß¸
P8 1&
ˆUstv&
ˆUўÓ
&
†Þ“9Wˆv
&
^s׊ˆxçäÞ/>?‡Õ
%
Ö
3#
qÖ‚r¼šˆUèé/ïð
W&$N3#_6&@&,(0C2)2+,()=EW( ,62+(-(C
ˆUWX
"7 6&5X
ˆUžÓ
&
’CB/WX£
±ÕÇ9Wˆv
&
ˆUèéÊËՆ3
P +1

߸
3H
,
?8 1&
ˆUўÓ
&
9WˆvWXv­
Ëj
&
Ÿ†Îψv£±
&
ôʈaTŠ/gېÀ
ÿ¥
&
ˆUèéÊË®ÀçE
5X
L‚/ˆUÊË
P +1&
èé>^ÖÞß

qß¸
!H 1&
ˆUžÓ
&
9WˆvWXv­ÕÇ
&
ˆUèéÊËՆ3
?c"! +1&
ˆUWXxçäÞ>?
%
ˆUWX
4P 6&
ˆUè¡ÕBç
P +1&
ˆUW
X>^ÖÞß
&
E
5X
L™qrA߸/^s
׊ˆˆU|},lÓÕCWäÞ¿R
&
ˆUv­
&
ˆUўÓ
&
ӂŒ˜
%
7@rAnÀ—
&
&Ör¼/Áà
&
qrA
š^s׊ˆWX/>?ÿ¥&|Áï
#
A
3$%
ˆ
UWX
!F 6&
qrA߸
!H 1&
/ˆU>?©3
H!c33I& P8 1&
>ˆ©3
"8c"!I
ˆUWX
4P 6&
qrA߸
3H
,
?8 1&
>ˆ©3
8&!H 1&

©³´3
?"cP"I&
h
P8 1&
>ˆ‡FÐ
&
ˆUs
tv%
#…™ŒqrA߸
P8 1&
š^s×
ŠˆˆUèé/>?‡FÐ
%
6
BD
”•Š‹×ØsÒÓÔÕÖdÙÚÛS
-1?EBDP(;7?7)%29 "**"8)4%*57**"2"())2"1)"())7"
%(60.#70-)2"#$" 80.2$8"
>ˆ©
_6&@&,(0C0%,2#I$
##
߸r¼
Y02%,12,,&12]1&
WXr¼
B0(T,6 ,&12]6
!F "7 4P
3H Hc8H 8 8
?8 38c4H 8 8
!H H!c33 ?"cP" 8
P8 "8c"! "PcF? "PcF?
##
š^s׊ˆˆU/èé230>n#(A
7
a6
&
ˆUWX
7! 6&
^s׊ˆˆUÊËèé/
G
†3
8cP"4&%m8cP33 p8c8H&
Šä
8 6
߸ˆUÊ
Ëèé†>^

ˆUWX
!F 6
/
G
†3
3""cP7!&
%m8 n8c83&
Šä
!F 6
Ç߸¼ˆUÊË/èé’
£Þß>^

ˆUWX
"7 6
/
G
†3
37Fc3PP&%m
8 n8c83&
Šä
"7 6
Ç߸¼ˆUÊË/è钣
Þß>^

ˆUWX
4P 6
/
G
†3
37 77HcPP4&%m
8 n8c83&
Šä
4P 6
Ç߸¼ˆUÊË/è钣
Þß>^
%
šÇr¼zb^s׊ˆˆUÊË/҃™Œ

)
ւqr¼ß¸/^s׊ˆ7ւWX
r¼/WX>^£Þß
&
qrA)äÞ>?^s
׊ˆ/WX
&
qß¸r¼ÉX
&
š^s׊ˆW
X/>?‡FÉÞß
%
7F
#N
33
z ¡
#
ä]
)
qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
6
FD
Ì͔•×ØsÖWG܌d>¡,K
-1?EFDS1271(8"1(1$9474%*7(;7?7)%29 "**"8)%*
);"8%$%(9 ?9 57**"2"()=0Z)2"1)"())7"
R^2_
>(*0+2
Ÿ0,
>>
gô½
<)
Õ0
E>
G %
7! 6 8c8PH ! 8c83P 8cP"4 8cP33
!F 6 "3c!!8 ! 3"cFP8 3""cP7! 8c888
"7 6 3??c7!P ! ??c?33 37Fc3PP 8c888
4P 6 3?Hc"47 ! ??c4!F 37 77HcPP4 8c888
FCFD
ÝÞßàáâÌÍÎÏsÒÓÔÕÖãäx
ådŒ
qrA߸ւr¼
&
^s׊ˆ/|}
eLCW4ւ׽/QR
% 5X
ˆvnÈÕÇ
&
ˆva௰±
&
ݬÕǍª
&
eLDl
#
Ö
7 O
3&7$%
qrA߸
3H 1&
ˆv­VR|
&
ˆva
²w
&
ˆv¬I
#
Ö
7 OH&P$%
qrA߸
?8 1&
ˆvÅÜ­VzI
&
tnˆvaAçÏ÷³u
&
st
´µ
#
Ö
7 O4&38$%
qrA߸
!H 1&
ˆva
™
&
tn¶|
&
stˆv`D^ÆnE
&
ҁˆvº
x
&
ݬÖÕ
&
AçÝ·´µ
&
’±ú`D
#
Ö
7 O
3?&3!$%
qrA߸
P8 1&
ˆv™ºx
&
õƒ
¶|
&
ˆva²w.”
(
ҁËȐ±ú
#
Ö
7 O3"&
3F$%
FCHD
ªæßàáâÌÍÎÏsÒÓÔÕÖãäx
ådŒ
qrA߸
&
^s׊ˆ/¬­eLxç
ւ׽/>´
%
˜=
5X
¸¦çÑà|
&
¬­®
(
¬­feLDl
&
¬­Å·¸
(
nÈÕÇ
#
Ö
7 O?&
!$%
qrA߸
3H 1&
ˆv¸¦çѹà|
&
s
t¬­æ³.
&
|„æŠ
#
Ö
7 O"&F$%
qrA߸
?8 1&
ˆv¸¦çѺ|
&
Îf

&
ˆvÖáw»å
&
^Ænº
&
¬­fÖ·¸
&
¿
¬­æ³.
&
­bæŠÁÒ
&
­b„nij
#
Ö
7 O33&37$%
qrA߸
!H 1&
ˆv¸¦ç
ѹà|
&
Îf
(
nºCx^Æ
&
ҁ¬­æ³.
&
­
b„nij
&
stæŠ
#
Ö
7 O3H&3P$%
qrAß
¸
P8 1&
ˆv¬­®cçde
&
¬­fM¼Ö·
&
­b„nij
&
­ÅÖÕÇ
&
b²ú¾¿
&
­bÂç
ŸæŠ
#
Ö
7 O34&78$%
FCID
ÌÍÎÏsÒÓÔÕÖçèédŒ
7c!c3#
ŒŽe‘’“”•–—˜™šNO
›d‹ˆFkl
#
¹ž¹¤´opÖd4^s׊
ˆ‘’`Dx„½÷
&
ÒI‡3
8%
¤´opd
4qrA߸/^s׊ˆ
&
E
5X
L™x„
½÷ÖäÞ
&
t®äÞ³´
&
1ØÒI‡/RI
Ex„lmLª
&
&Ödˆr¼/‰XJºiß
*
#
Ö
?$%
d4
7! 6
¤´opÊYîADւ×
½/x„½÷
&
&Öqr¼/‰X¤´op/x
„×½Æ&|³´
&
ÒI‡J½³´
&
qrAš
^s׊ˆ/>?‡Õ³´4˜t®)
%
˜=‚
ß¸nÀ—/¤´op7
7! g"7 6
¼/ÒI‡
ÁXÕI
3
L
&
r¼¤Xš¤´op/´„¤
Â
&
t®>^ÉÞß
%
qrA߸
!H 1&
š^s׊ˆt®/
>?‡FÐ
&
¤´opd4‹ˆ
"7 6
ò@ÒI
‡å3
7PcF4I%
҃™Œ56Šä
)
ւd4
r¼zb/ÒI‡>^Þß
&
:&š¤´op/
t®AD3
5Xp
qß¸
!H 1& p
qß¸
?8
1& p
qß¸
3H 1&%
š^s׊ˆÒI‡230>n#
&
(A
?
a6
&
d4
37&7!&!F&"7 6

&
Çqß¸r¼ß
¸/^s׊ˆ|¼/t®’£Þß>^
%n
8c883&
qrAš^s׊ˆt®/>?‡F
>^Þß
%
Çr¼zb^s׊ˆÒI‡/Ò
ƒ™ŒAä
)
qÖ‚r¼š^s׊ˆÒI‡
/ïðL7£Þß>^
%
hdŠä
)
ւq
r¼ß¸/^s׊ˆ7d4¹ž¹¤´op
ւr¼ò@/ÒI‡&d4r¼/Áàh


d4Çr¼zb/ÒI‡L7£Þß
>^

qß¸r¼ÉXš^s׊ˆt®/
>?ÿ¥ÉÞß
%
7c!c7#
ŒŽe‘’“”•–—˜™šNO
œ]žFkl
#
hy’u‚ƒ^s׊ˆˆv7
t®×=/WXRIµ¶¹ž¹¤´op¬­/

%
d4ւ߸r¼/^s׊ˆ
&
Ǥ
´op¬­eLE
5X
L™Õxçւ׽/d
e
%

! O3 g!
a6
) 5X
¤´op=¬­eL
Dl
(
áw
&
¬­æeLDl

¬­fDl
(
Žá
&
¬­®,=‘ÏKÆ
(
­¼%v·¸ê+
&
†Å®
n¨Dó

¬­ÄÄf
(
ĝeLDl
&
ÄÅÕÇ
(
·¸
&
ê+ĝ

sÃaCxDl
&
b¾Òh·¸
%
¹ž¹¤´opd4†qrA߸/^s
׊ˆ
&

! OH gF
a6
&
¤´opb†D
l
(
KƬ­eL

¬­f
(
¬­®d{.a
&

όn.
&
b’úº.
&
¬­.av
¬­Å
(
Å
fn.
&
|„¿”÷´íÃ÷®ÓB/bÏú
&
Î
ŸÊ ¬ ­ ® ) Ñ
%
¤ ´ o p b ê + ˆ v ¸
(
ÀÌç
&
¬­fM¼Ö·
&
b²ú³.
(
̊æ
!I
%
¹ž¹¤´opd4qrA߸
3H 1&
/
^s׊ˆ
&

! O4 g37
a6
%
¬­.a
&
¬
?F
! " # $
!"
%
#
Ö
7#
qrA߸/^s׊ˆt®¹ž¹¤´op/’u¼½
W&$N7#>JE&1%$2();(;-%0+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"( @C=EW
3&7&?&!N5X
ˆvIueL
H&P&"&FN
qrA߸
3H 1&
ˆvIueL
4&38&33&37N
qrA߸
?8 1&
ˆvIueL
3?&3!&3H&3PN
qrA߸
!H 1&
ˆvIueL
3"&3F&34&78N
qrA߸
P8 1&
ˆ
vIueL
%
3&7&?&!N5X*-,0%.,0*+,*02()1C+2-&*1 H&P&"&FN[-,0%.,0*+,*02()1C+2-&*1@C=EW,02%,12,3H 1& 4&38&33&37N
[-,0%.,0*+,*02()1C+2-&*1@C=EW,02%,12,?8 1& 3?&3!&3H&3PN[-,0%.,0*+,*02()1C+2-&*1@C=EW,02%,12,!H 1&
3"&3F&34&78N[-,0%.,0*+,*02()1C+2-&*1@C=EW,02%,12,P8 1&N
W)
ˆv
RC;6% WG)
Ȭ­®
W*$%-+2-T%- =E)
Åf
=-%.1%121@0%2 WV)
Ȭ­Ä
W*$%-*+-2*.
E)
sÃa
E&,(+6(<0&( >J)
ÈÎ
W*$%-.2;,*1 5)
æŠ
5%S*1 R>)
¸¦
R(0&Z(,%-.2+,&( e>)
À¦
e20,&+%-
.2+,&(N
­Dl^cçde
&
¬­Å,sÃaŒn.1Ο
ʬ­®)Ñ
&
=‘ÏŒn.
&
¬­®íÃI×½Á
à1ŒÖ‚×½n.

=‘Ï.a
&
¬­®
(
Åfd
{
&
¬­®Á’bÏú»`

Â./¬­®sç’
!F
#N
33
z ¡
#
ä]
)
qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
Â@/ˆv
&
ˆv¸
(
ÀÌçeLDl
&
̊b¬­
eL.a
(
ij
&
|„æŠ
%
¹ž¹¤´opd4qrA߸
?8 1&
/
^s׊ˆ
&

! O3? g3P
a6
%
¬­®R|
&
=‘Ï.a
&
Åfu¨¬­®Ì{
(
%r1Οʬ
­®)Ñ

¬­®stÃå
(
d{
&
Å®n¨DóÞ
ß
&
­®nÏÖäÞ

­¼%v.a

¬­æŒn
.EíÃI/¬­Å1Οʬ­®)Ñ


ast{.
&
’b’ú»`

¬­bt¶¬­¼Ä
ՒˆvWX
&
ˆvtjß
&
¬­®ÖÕÇàÅ
&
’
¤Ê7Èv/Æh

¿ˆvfeLDl
(
·¸
&
ҁˆvæŠ
&
bteLŒn.
%
Ö
?#
qÖ‚r¼/^s׊ˆt®
š¹ž¹¤´opÒI‡/ïð
W&$N?#Y62@0(T&$&<2:();(;-%0+%-*.%,<&)202,=EW
,02%,12,,&12&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"(
6
HD
Ì͔•×ØsÒÓÔÕÖꇠI
Œd>¡,K
-1?EHDS1271(8"1(1$9474%*);"?2%A(7(O 7(5"Q "**"8)
?9 57**"2"()=0Z)2"1)"())7"
R^2_
>(*0+2
Ÿ0,
>>
gô½
<)
Õ0
E>
G %
8 8 ? 8
37 6 HP!c"4F ? 3FFc7PP 7 H7?c!88 8
7! 6 7 FF"cH78 ? 4P7cH8" 3 748c48" 8
!F 6 4 ?7?c"F8 ? ? 38"c47" 3 H?7c83H 8
"7 6 F !P7cFHP ? 7 F78c4H7 !37cP73 8
##
¹ž¹¤´opd4qrA߸
!H 1&
/
^s׊ˆ
&

! O3" g78
a6
%
¬­|}K
Æ
&
ÅfYîu¨¬­®
(
%r
&
Åfsç`D~Ç
7
&
CWäÞ/Å®n¨Dó

ҁ¬­æŒn.
„æŠÎŸÊ¬­®ÎÏ

¬­b’ŒÒ/íÃ÷
b’ú

sÃaDl
&
¾¾¿

¬­b’¿ˆv
WX
&
ˆv¬­f
(
¬­®eLDl
(
·¸
&
¿’
æŠ
%
?#
eEEøE
qrA߸
&
^s׊ˆˆv`Dւ×
½/WX*¿±

h
5X
ˆUŸÈ
&
ˆvÇÈ£±
%
qrA߸
!H 1&&
ˆUWX
!F 6

&
ˆUWX
>?©3
H!c33I
˜=qrA߸
P8 1&&

‡FÐ
&
êDsŠÈ^s׊ˆ
&
ŠäŒ)r¼/
qrA߸Êꒇ>?,Šv~‚ˆ
%
ãE
V%$C
]
#788!$( L&;&2+
]
#788!$
/hd‡F9T
ª
%
˜=
V%$C
]
#788!$
56CD
&
¥
8c3&8cH
,
3 1Y
/rA߸jú‚vÈ
+)"57(54( ()"57((
,
G:.(54:3 2K0.625:3&
ˆU/WX³´4
38I
L&;&2+
]
#788!$
CD¥qrA߸žab,9=
/3W‚vuWú
#5\474( 1(522F25(& @5"62301".
.1(;4".
/@¾¿4
! 888
L
&+)"57(54( .2)(74

@¾¿4
?8
L
%
qrAš^s׊ˆ/ˆv|},¬­eL
’Þß/deÿ¥
&
wªˆvݬÖÕ
&
wå.”
&
de^s׊ˆ¬­eL/Dl^
&
wª¬­bo
n/ij
(
.a
&
ˆÚæŠ
%
ãê)ŠôÊqrA
EWúÃöLêÿ¥/Wú$‡ÕaÚô
%
{aA
D3qrAê¤WúaA硍
(
h½CWRI
&
ab”n¾¿
&
ÚôohRI
#Q(0%"()N& 7838$&
QRWúf/&h^
&R
k
,
X
k
’4‚rÆxçq
rAïð
&
ÈÉWúabžÅ
(
€/O^¶òó
àÙ
&
ëhÚô¬­/>´
&
ˆÚwªWúa/v#L&;&2+"()N& 788!$%
¹ž¹¤´opd4qrA߸/^s×
ŠˆE
5X

&
˜¬­eLxçւ׽/de
&
¬­®R|
(
.a
&
=‘Ïn.
&
ÅfÌ{
&
Ůn
¨

¬­æn.Οʬ­®)Ñ
&
¬­bˆv³
.
&
̊æI
%
qrA)³´^s׊ˆ/t®

%
ãê)ôʂˆt®‰Ó
&
¬­fh^ºi
&
šÅf/eL,()P„Ö~ïð
&
wªfeLQ
R,de
#
§|]
& 788F@$
2/wª‰Ó¬­
Å,¬­æ/.a
&
ëhwªev,¬­v#R*
"()N& 788?$%
ThdAä
)
7q(†:½
38 1.
—
&
ւ
߸r¼/qrA)’‡>?^s׊ˆ/W
X
&
ôÊqrA/Wú‡Õ’
(
nŸ,HÂ]
þ^
#
–àW
& 7887$&
&Ö߸r¼/Áà
&
š^s
׊ˆWX/>?ÿ¥&|Áï
&
‚rqrAÆ
³´^s׊ˆt®‰Ó/)
%
HF
! " # $
!"
%
#
Ö
!#
qrA߸/^s׊ˆt®¹ž¹¤´op/’uhy
W&$N!#YJE&1%$2();(;-%0+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"( @C=EW
3&7&?&!N5X
¹ž¹¤´op
H&P&"&FN
†qrA߸/^s׊ˆt®/¹ž¹¤´op
4&38&33&37N
qrA߸
3H 1&
/^s׊ˆt®/¹ž¹¤´op
3?&3!&3H&3PN
qrA߸
?8 1&
/^s׊ˆt®/¹ž¹¤´op
3"&3F&34&78N
q
rA߸
!H 1&
/^s׊ˆt®/¹ž¹¤´op
%
3&7&?&!N5X;(;-%0+%-*. H&P&"&FN=(;-%0+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"( @C=EWD)022 4&38&33&37N=(;-%0+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*
<2/4<"( @C=EW,02%,12,3H 1& 3?&3!&3H&3PN=(;-%0+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"( @C=EW,02%,12,?8 1& 3"&3F&34&78N=(;-%0
+%-*.&)2+,&( T&,6 E*<2/4<"( @C=EW,02%,12,!H 1&N
R5)
‰Ó¬­
R(.,+2- =G)
jú¬­®
=-%,+2-T%- 5GM)
¬­®ÎŸ
52-T%-%;;(.&,&( EL)
­¼Ï
E&<<-2-%12-% =E)
Å
f
=-%.1%121@0%2 J9)
bÅÉ
J<(;-%.1&+02,&+*-*1 =L)
­¼%v
=-%.1(<2.1%,% E)
sÃa
E&,(+6(<0&( V=5)
júev¬­
V2+0(,&+;-%,+2- =V)
jú¬­Ä
=-%,*+-2*. VE)
Äf
V*+-2%0121@0%2 e)
ž7
e%+*(-2 e2)
~Ç7
e2.&+-2 W)
ˆv
RC;6%
WG)
Ȭ­®
W*$%-+2-T%- WV)
Ȭ­Ä
W*$%-*+-2*. >J)
ÈÎ
W*$%-.2;,*1 5)
æŠ
5%S*1N
PF
#N
33
z ¡
#
ä]
)
qrAš^s׊ˆWX¶t®/ïð
! " # $
ÆHW
N344PN
jú‚vÈ/IueL
N
fA
)
=_#$¦§`
ý0
N
§
#
|
&
T£Y
&
UM
&
]
N788F%N
~‚ˆ
E2502.6/("54( <2/4<"(
ݹ±{W/nÀ¶þ^
N
º»!$`$,
&7H#H$ ) HH4 OHP!N
§
#
|
&
;
#
Ê
&
¡¼ƒ
N788F@N
~‚ˆš¹\¤´op¬­f
h^
(
ê’^¶
EQM
²@/ïð
N
!"#$
&!!#F$ ) "7 O""N
–àW
N7887N
’rWú‡Õ
N
fA
)
fA˒Â$`ý0
N
;Û»
&
–=q
&
ÌQÁ
&
]
N788FN
Šˆ‘šË”ÍÎàÀ¿R4
ˆvWX
(

(
Î̀C¶ÌWX/ïð
N
Ifú"$,
&
3"#!$ ) 3PF O3"7N
S~‚
&
ŒRÏ
&
–™x
N7883N
^s׊ˆ}aª\Ä~‚CW
E562é
N
OA!"Â$$,
&7H#3$ ) P3 OPPN
¡©
&
mJ-
&
¶°
N34F4N
¹\opb,¤´opš”7“~
‚/^^
N
OA!"Â$$,
)
g§#$ý
&3?#!$ ) 4 O3HN
¡¼ƒ
&
ВÝ
N788?N
=_>!ƒÂWúф
N
fA
)
=_!"`
ý0
N
X¬Ž
&
m
#
Ò
&
Ó³Â
N344FN
¹\~‚ˆ¹±š¹\\À¤´
opIueL/ïð
N
!"#$56
&33#?$ ) 7H? O7H4N
Q(0%R& Bt0.`&9& >Z(;&v.`%Q& "()N7838NJ)2+,.()%;201%2,
1%$2,&+)&2-< ,($2,620T&,6 ,62.6&2-<&$()% %-,20%,&$2-2+,0&+
)&2-< ( +%00(,.22< S&$(*0%< $201&%,&(NJ+(-($&+%-5621&.,0C
%< J$&220&$.& 3"#3$ ) H? OP3N
L&;&2+U& U%%.=& /%0%@%.ZGN788!NJ)2+,()(.+&-%,&$1%$2,&+)&2-<
;*-.2.( ,62.*0S&S%-().2-2+,2< 1&+0((0$%&.1.N_,M$0(;6C.&+.&
3F) ?7H O?7FN
L&@*0JS&<2+2)(0% 2-2+,0&+)&2-< 12,0&+%< %.&,2()&,20%+,&(
&S(-S&$,62+%-+&*1&( +6%2-NWJ/> L2,20& ?83#3$ ) H? OH4N
R* BB& L&&$9& /%``202 BN788?N[-,0%.,0*+,*0%-+(1;%0&.( ()%
+(1;%,&@-2%< &+(1;%,&@-2&,20%+,&( ,0&$$202< @C,62;02.2+2()
% %S&0*-2+2$22<*0&$2%0-C&)2+,&( (),62.1*,)*$*.&
U.4)(A2/25<"4& & @%0-2CN =6C.&(-($&+%-%< E(-2+*-%0=-%,
=%,6(-($C& P7#?$ ) 3HH O3PPN
V%$C=& W&.+6-BN788!NJ)2+,().,%,&+1%$2,&+)&2-< ( $0(T,6 %<
.;(0*-%,&( ().(12;-%,;%,6($2&+)*$&N/&(2-2+,0(1%$2,&+.&
7H#!$ ) ?3P O?3FN
!
!"#$
#
vwx
"

ëìíî>?Fìïy#ðÛ
(((
‹y
)
ñò
)
óô
*
,
#$5601E$§EFèÿ
+++
¸E
*
¦Ô
*
­ì
- #
sÌQMß
&
#$`ý0
&
&Ü]Õx
!
@Z
Å
"
á•Õý
&7837
Q”`ý
$
ÖÃÿ¥Ÿn/Õ$
(
#5,M×/ÇÈbdEÂ@/_bcÐÌ:þ9
ýº
&
µ#$56RÌE)b,3Ós
&
23%Ãn#
(
Pi
(
÷8
(
5ØEix
&
h|„/t¸EøÃG
ø/‡wÖ
%
#501/¬¥,$§EF/èÿ
&
Š#5$ÿ¥,7ÙÂ$W
(
Ú
#
B
$
C56W/Ĩ9T(
%
s
ÖqÛ_
&
N_#$,#$56

NZ_#5EEF9—01

NÄ_#$5601

NW_¯°78E¤
¥

NÅ_
(
NÆ_äÜ4$§EF/èÿ4×
(
èÿ01Eèÿáæ

N°_+"EFÝÞE©ª

NÛ_
9]4MߥœYCA/g§#$E0i#$/
P
^$§EFæF

ߒM$§EF/MÉáæ
#
öî
$
M
j)`
%
Oe4#$56E$§EFèÿ0î01¶˜¦Ô
&
9j4#èFE$§56EFæF
&
9Êú¥
uok21ÃöÜ$à
%
TÖê6Ü]`ÙÂ$W
(
Ú
#
B
$
C56WLÑí–פ¥
&
(#501E$§EF
(
#501E#$
EF
(
#501EEFèÿ
(
#501EF6#è]
&
µ¶#5Gá,âè+"EFr:;
&
ãê6’M#5
ü
(
oÍäi徍üëæ#$56,âè$§EFr:;
%
"®¥çEÿ¥øÃ
&
&¤Üè
)?H8887#
ÜHé’â
#
ÜMú!Â$¸&$`
#
sÌQ
%
"F