测定来自欧洲不同地区和我国的108个欧洲黑杨无性系（基因型）气体交换、叶绿素荧光与生长特征参数，研究欧洲黑杨基因资源光合生理与生长性状的遗传变异及相关性。结果表明: 欧洲黑杨基因资源内气体交换、叶绿素荧光特征和生长性状具有丰富的遗传变异； 来自我国和英国的无性系具有较高的净光合速率（Pn），来自匈牙利的无性系PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Cm）最高。各检测参数在欧洲黑杨中具有较高的广义遗传力且变异系数较高，气孔导度（Gs）和PSII电子传递速率（ETR）可能是影响欧洲黑杨光合能力的重要限制因素。相关分析结果发现，Pn、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、Gs和ETR等参数指标在欧洲黑杨光合效率评价中具有潜在的应用价值； 起源于塞尔维亚及其他南欧、东欧的欧洲黑杨可在进一步的杨树高光效育种研究中作为优良基因型选择的重点。
To interpret the patterns of genetic variation of photosynthesis and the relationships with growth traits within gene resources of Populus nigra，gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 108 genotypes originated from different areas of Europe and China were measured. The results showed that there was abundant genetic variation for traits of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in P. nigra. The genotypes originated from China and the U.K. had relatively higher photosynthesis rate (Pn)，while genotypes introduced from Hungary had the highest quantum efficiency of photosystem II centers (Fv/Fm). The measured traits were found to have generally high broad sense heritability (H2) with considerable variation coefficient. Stomatal conductance (Gs) and electron transport rate (ETR) might be the crucial factors that influence photosynthetic ability of P. nigra. Parameters including Pn，intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) (Ci)，Gs and ETR were expected to be potentially applicable for the evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency in P. nigra. Emphasis should be put on the genotypes introduced from Serbia and other countries of Southern and Eastern Europe in further breeding research that aims at high photosynthetic efficiency in poplar.