以微晶纤维素为原料,高碘酸钠作为氧化剂,制备二醛基纤维素(DAC),考察各影响因素对二醛基纤维素制备的影响,采用FTIR、元素分析、XRD以及化学官能团测定等手段对二醛基纤维素的结构进行表征; 探讨二醛基纤维素的醛基含量与尿素吸附容量之间的关系,并研究二醛基纤维素对尿素的吸附平衡和吸附动力学。结果表明: 高碘酸钠与微晶纤维素的质量比为2.4 ∶1、反应温度为35 ℃、反应时间为3.5 h、反应介质的pH为2时,制得二醛基纤维素的醛基含量最大为97.74 %。二醛基纤维素对尿素的吸附容量随醛基含量的增加先增大后减小,最大吸附容量为59.23 mg ·g-1,是包醛氧淀粉尿素吸附容量的10倍(6 mg ·g-1),是包醛酶淀粉吸附容量的4倍(15 mg ·g-1),吸附平衡时间为4 h。吸附等温线符合Freundich方程。
Dialdehyde cellulose(DAC)was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose with periodate sodium as oxidant. The influences of oxidant concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH of solution on the aldehyde content were investigated. DAC was characterized by XRD, FTIR, element analysis and measuring the aldehyde group. The relation between aldehyde content of DAC and urea adsorption capacity (AC) was discussed. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of urea onto dialdehyde cellulose were studied. Experimental results showed that the optimal synthetical condition was that the ration of NaIO4 to MCC was 2.4 by weight, reaction temperature was 35 ℃, reaction time was 3.5 h and pH was 2, and the DAC with aldehyde content of 97.74% under this condition. As the increase of aldehyde content, the AC for urea first increased and then decreased. The max. AC for urea was 59.23 mg ·g-1 and it is ten times as much as that coated dialdehyde-starch adsorption capacity of urea adsorption(6 mg ·g-1), that is four times as much as what capsulated enzymie starch dialdehyde AC,equilibrium reached after 4 h. The adsorption isotherm curve of DAC fit well with Freundich equation.
全 文 :!!"
" !
!
#
# $ % %
$
!
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1!
,234!# $ % %
D«789?ÙÖ¢7Ü9?Ð;ó
!
gÃT
%!#
5
ÄÅÆ
%
5
Ç~4
%
5
3
5
È
%
"%1
qg&E)Mú
()yµp¸¹ºRS*+,
5
Æ3a
%8$$!$$ #1
ýÆÞÈÞµp<ºf$
5
gÖ
%$$%"7#
!
5
"
!5
6o789¥v
!
ýÝ¥ÞÆ¥>
!
ÙD«789
"B,#!
¬@A?97D«78
9Ù?@A
!
«ñ
C+(I%
9qz
%KIB
6Ö)Sóeiwç8Ó7D«789?Y{¼g
$
rBD
«789?D«yÜ9Ðø9?/à
!
lmD«7897Ü9?ÐCDnÐ=F)
&
_
ýÝ¥Þyo789?úÊ¥
#1!e%%
;^/0¥
68 :%
;^¥
618 P%
;^ú?
2c
¥
#
!
:
D«789?D«QE¥
9"1"! _&
D«7897Ü9?ÐøèD«?.3ã.E-2
!
Q
EÐø¥
891#6
!
ùDQ9Ü9Ðø?
%$
¸
"7
#!
ùDÕQ9Ðø?
!
¸
"%8
#!
ÐCD¥
! P&
Ðç/¬_
C3DNERJOP
P
&
#$%
5
D«789
$
D«
$
Ü9
$
ÐCD
$
Ðç/¬
&()*
! +m68555
+,-./
!,555
+01*
!%$$% ?"!>>"#$%%#$! ?$%!% ?$7
¦§¨#
#$$9 ?$7 ?#9$
©ª¨#
#$$9 ?%# ?$6&
«¬®
ýç)Ç»¼)(SÒ(l«¬¿À®
"#$$7$##8$$># &
!¥Ó¥ÄÅÆÇ
&
O,#<-,-%(&)&"9(-20#>@0#6#2=2&.#-)0/0.&,<%(&)"&,8,#-
ZGEFKJGE0JEF
%! #
5CGEFiNJ\PDE
%
5BGJKJG/TDEF
%
5APGEFINJ
%
"%17&)819$%1($%)$:E.$^E1&C G1(&%.1+-*.&2*&12C I&*/2$+$,)$:G.2.(%)$:;C0*1(.$2! X$%(/&1(#$%&(%)42.5&%.()5B1%9.2 %8$$!$$
# 712,+$2,/01*/&2, X&TG&C.*.2&I&*/2$+$,)8.A.(&C @$A<12)5E&.J.2, %$$%"7#
/7.%,-$%5BJG0RDPSRDOD0N0/QD"B,#LGQ23D2G3DR T3/<
GER ]JEDHJOQ/TN3DG/EH/RJG0RDPSRDOD0N0/QDLD3DQHNRJDR4)W2D3J
!
H/YLGQ#1! VSLDJFPH! 3DGOHJ/E HD<2D3GHN3DLGQ68 :! 3DGOHJ/E HJ
O/EHDEH! HPD,T/3N3DGTJ3QHJEO3DGQDR GER HPDE RDO3DGQDR4+PD
GER JHJQHDE HJ
# ! HPGHJQT/N3HJ
B#@ C&,0.5RJG0RDPSRDOD0N0/QD$ G0RDPSRDO/EHDEH$ N3DG$ GRQ/32HJ/E DoNJ0JV3JN<$ GRQ/32HJ/E JQ/HPD3
;ß@µ
"IC#
ù³.R01ÇMä?
àÝ
!
OXÑ$È.3ß@Ý
#$
x
&
;ß@
µÝ3ßòóUì
!
()¡jÔáE
!
p\Ü9B
"@j*#
np«â
"3#
°03ý
!
gh©
@j*
n
3
?°0_3ý
"
Ðãç
!#$$%$
äç
!#$$$#&
6÷Ð>ùQ*(e!?;
ß@µ?³È?¹å
!
«ñ6÷Ð>7æ
©"\Gi?ç9{¼Ð
!
±/y"¦ïj
ý
!
ó,èß@(e{P
%
-5Üçé?(Mnp
lz?î
!
7;ß@µ?#ÙnÙ¹ù
Rã?
"
Ð5Sç
! #$$6$
ãêç
! #$$#$
X/JRD&(1+4! %99%#&
®:
!
9Kìñ?¹å;ß@µ?6÷
Ð>£ã<:;1nQ9
&
:;1Ð
;*
%
Ðø
%
Ç÷ñ>E
%
MÂø;
ü*
&
Q9y789)YÂõ
!
56
ñ¢:;D«yÜ9?
**c
#
(M
QOPJT
;^
!
¯Þ
QOPJT.Q
¦ïjý
!
=÷,è;ß@µ(
& ( )
!"
"
5
e{P?Æñ
&
3789û<Ûç
%
-tjy
¦
%
5ñÆë.78
%
MÂø;Ý
%
ì¥78
9ômñÆplz?
"c/DEJOP &(1+"!
%998#
?fS
!
®:XÔý7û<789fg?
789?lmÊü:½
!
/¢ñÆ;ß@µ
ç9?6÷Ð>?lm<³
&
&lmZ
:o789?nD«7897Ü9?
Ð;ó
!
rBZD«yÜ9Ðø9?
/à
!
qzZD«7897Ü9?Ð=F)$
¬nÐç/¬
!
¥D«789Æ¥;ß@µ
ç9?Ð>lm÷Z«xÿ
&
%5
y
FEFG
xàbá6
o789
"Y#!,
¤
!
Å1e>Þ<º
f$
$
ýÝ¥Þ
%
I
%
SÞ
%
h¥
%
Ü9n7
ýw«4ýDç¥qzù
&
Br
K
M¬ùMª
!
¨&)
$ YGFEG^
87$
í F8Ûµýtõª
!
ÑXîýFf$
$
),6$$$
¤9qzª
!
IE
)N3/
f$
$ +N^
%>$$g
¦ýqtt0k
!
gÖ?zÄñª_<ºï
kf$
&
FEDG
:âãÙ@äåTU
ܳw?o7893ð÷úq¥
%!_
?SÞl!
m÷
#! P!
ö!`éqÌð
\;
!
wx
!
AÅÎ
!
l>Ùñ
&
FEHG
æç*ãÙ@ç»rxg`Î
8§·6àñ\3ð³w?ö!`nýÝ¥
Þ
!
ñh¥#
2c
ª
!
fñ3ð:
!
3÷
w/0
!
:/Ðò³w
!
ñIq%g;^?
ýÝ¥Þ
!
Òx
!
xóñö!`éqÌð
([
?
6
y
ê
!!8 :
AÅÎ
#! P&
qr®8%?9;^/
0
%2c
ú
%
;^
%
Êç7D«?{¼
çi
!
Ñâop{¼
#
îR`¤
&
FEIG
æç*ãÙ@³´m«
%1!1%5
}¸de+<=
5
«ñôiw
"
Cú
5ç
!%997#&
%1!1#5
ücpq
5
¬Þ/AÅÎ
!
ñIE
)N3/
f$?
),6$$$
¤9qzªiw
!c!*
9
&
%1!165K
ýþý
!KIB"
<2
5
«ñ¨&)
Br
K
M¬ùMª¨¬
Y%
D«789
? o Y
! N
! XG
M ¬
! *J
x t
!
&
h
%18!$ 8 d%$
?%$
l¿
!8 ].!
a[
!$ <,!
~.k
1
#
0
h% b9$ $`
qkÿo0
"D
O
#!
6)þ
f_kÿo[E2
!
n
8
P]0
h7
&
N
,
O/Q
0
!
, ¥
D
!7
¥)þ
!
$19!&
%1!1!5
ÿR!<2
5
o789nD«78
9/AÅÎ
!X@3
¿i¢µýtõ
&
FEMG
èÙéêEµ@
æÜ
$1# F
D«789¬
!
%$ <-
Ü9B°0¥
71$ F,-
?%
Ü9zl
!
¡
6" :
?!
"`tKÐ
8 P
!
Òx
!
xlñ7ýw«4ý
DʧiwcòÜ9?°0
"
úè¯ç
!#$$8#&
Ï1_kÿïD«7897Ü9?Ðø
Ðø
"
# h
"@
$
?@# d%$
[
!
_ @
$
¥Ð:l\Ü9B?°0
!
$
@
¥Ðl\Ü9B?°0
!
$ [
¥
ÜÐ>?Ϋú
!F&
Ðç/¬
ÜÜÂ.ú?D«78
9
!
iwD«789¡-.Ü9ú°0?z
l
"2ch"#
\7Ü9?Ðø
&
Ð=F)$¬
¡Ð¥
%!#!6!!!7!>!
%$!%# P
?op1
!
iwD«7897Ü9?
Ðø
&
#5
yBA
789yýÝ¥Þ(MÄQ;;^
!
ì
#!
6
Wõ«(Mî
" &NQQJOP &(1+4! #$$$#!
MÞD
«789
!
;^P_1
55
Ü9K?Ò«yD«789K?D«(M
QOPJT.Q
;^
"
{Xöç
!#$$# #!
MÞÜ9ùM
!
èy"¦ïjý
!
5=÷Pæ©\Ü9°0
?Æñ
&
;^P_1
B,*c[fc
#
4
*
55
[
*c
4 -4
#
#!%
5!
!
# Тeç
D«789?ÙÖ¢7Ü9?Ð;ó
B,*
5 4
c *
55
[
*c
#
4
&
DEFG
Ýëì@Õ
D«ùo789P0?ÑÛ
!
4?E2wA;
@AD«
??9£ã<ýÝ¥Þno789?ú
Ê
%
;^/0
%
;^n;^ú?
2c
ª
&
«ñ
%?9+
!
rB?97D«?@A
!
|ï
D«789Þüeop
"
"
%#&
"
%5
Ê
%
;^/0
%
;^nú
2c
7
B,
D«?@A
CJF4%5+PDJET0NDEOD/TG0RDPSRDO/EHDEH/TB,/E HPDGHD<2D3GHN3D/T3DGOHJ/E!HPDHJ
_
!
D«789Þ?üeop¥
ýÝ¥ÞyD«789?úÊ¥
#1!e%!
;^
/0¥
68 :!
;^¥
618 P!
;^ú?
2c
¥
#!
YD«789?D«¥
9"1"!_!
:i
¥
"817"_&
DEDG
æç*ãÙ@³´(Y
#1#1%5
ÿ!pq
5
"
#
ùo789nD
«789?
C+(I
"
&
©
C+(I
"\56#ï
D
«789
B,
¡
% "6$ O<
?%
< D « ï ¤
"APVGE]/U!%977#!
Ðù>0Êü2
!
?¥D«m5
6LíD«?¯_¥¡
!
Úù¯ÞZ`DIn
q@ÔÖq@?·D
".G3
_
!B,
"% $#7 O<
?%
*[
q·!=¦
!
{³|?_÷«ù6·D·D?¯_¥¡?
&
Y
n
B,
¡
% 7!% O<
?%
<³¦
!
_
Y
n
B,
>(Ð`qñ³)?gó$
ë
& B,
6 67$ O<
?%
õ«
[*c
q·!=¦
Ê
Y
_-
!% %%#!% $8> O<
?%
õ«?
*[
fg¦-yê
!
5F789t
¥D«789
&
"
#5
o789n789?µýõ
CJF4#5C+(IQ2DOH3G/TYGER B,
#1#1#5
ücpq
5
D«¥
9"1"!_
?D«
789?9qz
%
þ~
&
©\56#
ï
D«789?*iªyAªÂ*üE
!
Ð
ùy%_
7
c
%$
[
7
?
!c![
Â_
&
D«
789¢A?%Y_¥
7
c
>1$!
[
8
!
9qz
_¢%__
7
c
%$
[
7
!
êùD«78
9NOHc«
%
â`q@?%_
&
?Y
!
6!%
& ( )
!"
"
5
D«789\?D«-ù6Lí±N¥¡?
!
ÚùD«789ÑâNOH%c«\é
%
â
`q@
!
¯Þ`·D?¯_
!
y
B,
?
C+(I
"\÷«¦>ü2Â_
&
D«789Ñâ
NOHc«
%
â`q@?9qzªyA
ªÂ_
!
_Þ<üý?ù0
&
m
FG
NcíÙ(Y³
:-7RFG:>#,#.=2%.&"#2#;#)%-2-)-2@.(.
¬Þ]Ü
*G
/EHDEQ/TDUD3SD0D
B,"c[_ h9"1"!_# !$1>$" 81>!# 86168% $ $
B,"c[_ h9"1"!_#
Aª
+PD/3S !!199 81$6 !919> $ $
7
c
%$
[
7
!$1!8 817# 86196 $ $
#1#165 K
ý þ ý ! p q
5
D « ¥
7!1%9_
n
961$$_
?D«789no789
?
KIB
"F"
6&
©"\56#ï
789Ôº_
¥¡oN
$ Y
/
*G([
!
MÞ
B,
!
oYt³´
!
ùM
#
0
h##1"`
ùM?>
E¯01P
!
ö>1P?P0y0ÞêÊ
".G3
7!1%9_
?
789¡ùM
#
0
h##1"`
¥¡³â2?ùM
!
?_o789g;^¹7
!
D«789G
Eºqo789?¤
!
û<ºq789?;ú
$
ÚD«¥
961$$_
?D«789?¤+¹
7(M®8
!
<
¡
#
0
h#$18`
Ð*¥¡³â
!
?_789?o
Y«&t¹7³´
!
D«789+«&-Û&
±N
&
_789tMÞ?D«7¢o
YºÞZ³w?³´
!
ìo0E¯01P
!
©Ú
÷7789:?Æñ
&
"
65
o789n789?
K
M¬ùM"õ
CJF465KIBQ2DOH3G/TYGER B,
DEHG
æç*ãÙ7èÙ@éêEµ
#161%5
|}¸"#c}¸deÕ$c%&T+
Ö×
5
D«789\?D«yjÔ?Ü9
MÞfe
!
èb¦ïjý
&
&+^zjÜ
9zl
!
¬D«¥
8>1%%_! "918$_!
>!1$9_!9%1"!_!9!1%$_
n
9"1"!_
?D«7
89¡Â.?op1
"71$ F,-
?%
Ü9zl
!
Ð
¥
8 P!
Ð/0¥
6" :#
7Ü9?Ðø
!
iw"
!
þ~
&
©"\56#ï
èé
B,
D«?.E
!
Ü9ÐøÂ^.E
&
¡ýÝ
¥Þyo789?úÊ¥
#%
;^/0¥
68
:%
;^¥
618 P%
;^ú?
2c
¥
#
;^o
p1
!
þÙ?D«¥
9%1"!_
?
B,
7Ü9
?ÐøQE¥
891#6
$
D«¥
9!1%$_
?
B,
Ü9Ðø;Ú1P
&
£ãù
3D«ü
!
D«yÜ9?A6Qi2
!
?
ÚÐøü2
$
ÚD«789?D«Ò
ý
!
P0E
!
Ûw¯NÈ?ÊËE
!
D«78
9¡ÐÒP\<ºq%
!
Ð÷D«789
K?Ü9èD«789?%ÚR$
!
?YD«
ÒýÐø-ý
&
"
!5B,
?D«7Ü9Ð;ó?@A
CJF4!5+PDJET0NDEOD/TG0RDPSRDO/EHDEH/TB,
/E N3DGGRQ/32HJ/E OG2GOJHS
D«7897Ü9?Ðø Q E¥
891#6
!
ùDQ9Ü9Ðø?
%$
¸
"7
#!
ù D Õ Q 9 Ð ø ?
!
¸
"%8
#!
ý®:9ø?Q96÷
Ð>
&
#161#5
|}¸"#cÕ$c+%&fU,
5
!!%
5!
!
# Тeç
D«789?ÙÖ¢7Ü9?Ð;ó
"
8
ù¡
6" :
%
D«¥
9%1"!_
?
B,
7Ü
9?Ð=F)$¬
&
©"\56#ï
db
Ó
!
D«789?Ðø.Iüf
!
èéÐ
?.3
!
Ðñiôõ-~
!
D«7897Ü9
?ÐCD¥
! P
ÎÏ
!! P
9=÷³âC°
#
!
A*ÐCD
&
£ãù?¥Ð>K
!
¡zl\,
!
´=÷ÐCDü¥ø
&
.¡æ\?»E¥
% P!
¡©\?»E
¥
" b> P&
?Y
!
Ü9¡
B,
K?CDy
j?yØ#«&³h
!
_Þ()=F)
ã÷
&
"
85B,
7Ü9?Ð=F)$¬
CJF485+PD]JEDHJOON3UDQ/TN3DG/EH/B,
DEIG
æç*ãÙ7èÙ@éêÑ;(Y
ÄÒqzÐç/¬56 îD«7897
Ü9?ÐÆñ_
!
"
7
ùD«¥
9"1"!_
?
B,!
qr¡Ü9Çbú°0¥
#!!! 8! 7!
" F,-
?%
?zl!
/0
6" :
Ð
8 P
7Ü9
?Ðç/¬
&
©"\56#ï
èéÇbÜ9ú
°0?.E
!B,
7Ü9?Ðø.E
&
¡ÐCDlm!
.¤Ðç/¬Qñ?
=_ù
C3DNERJOP
Pn
-GEF
&
"
7
±-_
-GEF
!
?Y6
C3DNERJOP
P7
CDÿ{¼¬;z
& C3DNERJOP
P?¬;
¯_¥
0F,L
%
2
0F*
D
M0FO!
_ ,
¥ÐCDD«7897Ü9?
Ðø
!
$ @
D
¥ÐÜ9zl\Ü9?
CD°0
!
$ O
¥
&
Ü9¡D«789K?ÐCDÿ7
C3DNERJOP
PzF"
"!
M¬;P
0F,h%1$#% > 0F@
$
f $189% 9!
 / à
=
#
h
$198# 6&
3YP56kÿïB
Oh619%! 2 h
$19>!C3DNERJOP
P¥
,h619%@
D
%1$#
&
?YD
«789û<³w?)Ð;
&
"
75B,
7Ü9?Ðç/¬
CJF475+PDGRQ/32HJ/E JQ/HPD3
"5B,
7Ü9CDÐ?
C3DNERJOP
ç/¬
CJF4"5+PDC3DNERJOP GRQ/32HJ/E JQHPD3
65
A
D«789Ùop¥
ýÝ¥Þy789
?úÊ¥
#1!!
;^/0¥
68 :!
;^¥
618 P!
;^ú?
2c
¥
#!
YD«789?D
«¥
9"1"!_!
:i¥
"817"_&
ÄÒµýtõ
%
9qz
%K
M¬ùM6Ö)
Sóeiw
"
ôiD«
#
ç8Ó7D«
789?Y{¼g
!
_
D«789
+MÞ
!
öù0üý
&
D«789ù³m<äF?¹å;ß@
µ?Þ
&
D«789¡
6" :%2ch"
?zl
!
7Ü9?QEÐøù
891#6
!
ù
DQ9Ü9Ðø?
%$
¸
"7
#!
ù
DÕQ9Ðø?
!
¸
"%8
#&
D«7
897Ü9?ÐCD¥
! P
ÎÏ
!
Ðç/
¬ómÝê_
C3DNERJOP
P
!
7Ü9û<³w?
8!%
& ( )
!"
"
5
)Ð
&
L M + ,
5
ä
!
úTM
!
nH
1#$$$4
;ß@yæ©"?äç9Ã$
4
Xýù)ÕÜàáq²
! #$" &%# %6 ?%84
úè¯
!
úÃ
4#$$84
7ýw«4ýDʧ¡Ü9iw
\?^ñ
4
¯JO
! 67"## 67 ?6>4
Ð
5
ã
!
ݯ
!
Å
5
w
!
ç
4#$$%4
Üçéç9Ö¢Ã$
***
iA Ö K ? p l è [ ¹ å
4
í @ 5 Û y Ð
! %"
"8# 6"" ?6>!4
Ð5S
!
ãê
4#$$64
©Ò¤û789?ÞÖ^
4
^ñ)
!
#$"%%# %$>$ ?%$>64
{Xö
!
ÁÃü
!
ûÂ_
4#$$#4
<=)
4
E
\X()µpE
)ï´×
!66>4
ãê
!
¯Yò
4#$$#46! 8 ?
û«4ý¥Q9ý?ÞÖ^ñ
4
^ñ)
! %9"9# >8> ?>7%4
Cú5
!
µþµ
!
l[Ë
!
ç
4%9974
GDQ9?ÞÖ¢0?
iw
4
²nE)°±())³
! %>"%# "$ ?"64
&NQQJOP C! DQ3/,4#$$$4+PD]JEDHJOQ/T2D3J/RGHD/WJRGHJ/E /T
OG3V/PSR3GHDQ G OG0/3J
c/DEJOP * ,! Z/TJERJE ! YGHPDLQ k * &! &( 1+" %9984
@J/O/<2GHJVJ0JHS/T
X/JRDX! &GE/Y! +G]DRGC! &(1+4%99%4,QHNRS/T/3G0GRQ/3VDEHJE
OP3/EJO3DEG0TGJ0N3D4 ,3HJTJOJG0D0Q! GER @0//R &NVQHJHNHDQ
@J/HDOPE/0/FS! %9"%# %!" ?%774
.G3
%6
^*YI
Q2DOH3G/T2D3J/RGHD^/WJRJQDR OD0N0/QD4g/0S
"6# #8" ?#7$4
APVGE]/UIi4%9774(ET3G3DR Q2DOH3G/TOD0N0/QDGER JHQRD3JUGHJUDQ4
*DLM/3] /EQN0HGEHQ@N3DGN! %##4
!
!"#$
5
ÅÆ
"
7!%