采用表型性状测定结合RAPD标记，研究福建境内8个光皮桦野生种群的遗传变异，探讨遗传变异与环境因子间的相关性。结果表明： 光皮桦野生种群在DNA和表型水平上的遗传变异基本一致，即约2/3的变异存在于种群内，1/3存在于种群间； 叶、果序和种子3类性状的变异系数(CV)分别为0.063 2，0.070 6和0.069 3，各类性状的形状指数(长宽比)的变异系数均比单个性状小； 种群平均多态位点百分比(PPL)、Neis基因多样性(h)和Shannon信息指数(I)分别为65.27%，0.246 1和0.362 8。相关分析表明：表型性状间及其与经纬度、年均温、年日照时数、海拔及有机质等环境因子间存在显著或极显著相关，与各环境因子相关的主要表型性状有叶长宽比、侧脉数、叶基角、种翅宽、种子千粒质量和果序长宽比等； PPL，h和I与年日照时数呈显著相关，与经纬度、年降水量呈负相关； 种群间的遗传距离与地理距离相关不显著，而与年均温分异显著相关。
Genetic variation was evaluated using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers in 8 natural populations of Betula luminifera from Fujian Province, China. The relationship between genetic variation and environmental factors was also examined. It was showed that the genetic variation of B. luminifera revealed by RAPD markers coincided well with those by phenotypic traits, and about 2/3 of the total genetic variation distributed within population while 1/3 among populations. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) of phenotypic traits of leaf, infructescence and seed was 0.063 2, 0.070 6 and 0.069 3, respectively. The CV of morphological index of leaf, infructescence and seed was much lower than those of other traits. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Neis gene diversity (h) and Shannon informative index (I) at mean population level were 65.27%, 0.246 1 and 0.362 8, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that there existed significant correlations between 15 phenotypic traits and environmental factors. The main phenotypic traits which were related with environmental factors, were leaf length/width, number of lateral vein, the angle of leaf base, seed wing width, weight of 1 000 seeds and infructescence length/width. The PPL, h and I were also significantly positively correlated with annual sunshine hours, negatively correlated with latitude/longitude and annual precipitation. The genetic distance between these populations (GD) was significantly correlated with their divergence of annual average temperature, however not with their geographic distance.
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