摘 要 ：在1981—1987年间笔者对外生菌根菌的拮抗作用做了室内的研究,结果为:某些外生菌根菌(Boletus edulis B. sp. Suillus grevillei, S. Luteus等)对植物常见的根病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia Solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens等)的生长、繁殖有强烈的抑制作用。外生菌根菌不仅能杀死病原菌的营养体,而且能以病原菌为营养,生长十分茂盛;不仅能抑制病原菌繁殖休及休眠体的形成,而且能大幅度地降低其萌发率;不仅能消解A.tumefaciens的菌落,而且菌根菌的滤液(60℃恒温处理30分钟)对A.tumefaciens产生明显的抑菌圈。本研究筛选出具有拮抗作用的优良菌种:B.edulis, B. sp., S.grevillei, S.luteus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Xeroeomus Chysenteron。外生菌根菌能分泌非挥发性的杀菌活性物质使病原菌的细胞质消解,有的杀菌物质能耐60℃的高温;菌根菌亦能分泌挥发性活性物质;菌根菌还能借助侵入锥或直接穿入病原菌菌丝行寄生生活。
Abstract:Six ectomycorrhizal fungi, Boletus edulis, B. sp., Suillus grevillei, S. luteus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Xerocomus chrysenteron, have demonstrated their strong abilities to inhibit the growth of some pathogens of plant roots, such as Fusarium oxysporium, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the lab since 1981.In this antagonism experiment, these mycorrhizal fungi were found to be able to destroy the vegetative mycelia of pathogens, and fed themselves on the hyphae fhis, inhibited the formation and germination of conidia, sporangia and sclerotia of pathogens. In the study of antagonistic mechanism, it seems that mycorrhizal fungi could secrete non-volatile active substances which caused the contraction and lysis of the protoplasm of pathogens such as A. tumefaciens even after high temperature treatment at 60℃ for 30 minates. Volatile active substances were also detected. Several mycorrhizal fungi could parasitize on the hyphae of R. solani with haustoria observed under scanning electron microscope.