摘 要 ：樟子松疱锈病是樟子松人工林的重要病害。病原菌为松芍柱锈菌[Cronartium flaccidum(Alb. et Schw.)Winter],其冬孢子寄主为芍药[Paeonia lactiflora]及山芍药[P. obovata],人工接种还侵染萝藤(Melaplexis japonica)。锈孢子放散56天,5月15日至6月20日为放散高峰期,水平传播30米,垂直分散5米。锈孢子双核,具2—4芽孔,只有1芽管优生,在2%琼脂膜上,20℃,饱和湿度,pH7时萌发率达80%。夏孢子经阳光照射可提高萌发率15%,在2%琼脂膜上,25℃下,4小时始萌发,48小时萌发78.4%;越冬后的夏孢子具2.96%萌发力。冬孢子成熟后3天在16—21℃下,保湿3小时即萌发,24—36小时萌发量最大。在樟子松病皮下的菌丝为多年生,有隔,单核,在寄主细胞间隙生长,以棒状或丝状吸器伸入细胞吸养。用氯化钠水溶液或结晶可杀死芍药根;用十二吗啉千倍液涂干效果好,松焦油,焦化腊、机油加玉米荠油均有效,但产生药害。修枝是促进林木生长和防病的理想措施。
Abstract:The blister rust of Mongolian pine is an important disease. The pathogenic fungus is identified as Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. Et Schw.) Winter, its telia host under natural conditions in Heilongjiang Province is Paeonia species. The fungus also infects Melaplexis japonica under inoculation. The spreading period in woods for its aeciospore is 56 days and the spore can be caught at the distance of 30m, the vertical is about 5m high with abundant collection of spores. Aeciospore is binucleate, only one germ tube has priority to grow. On the 2% agar water membrane with temperature 20℃ under saturated moisture, and pH about 7 the germination rate reached 80%. The germination rate of uredium can be raised about 15% if exposuring in the sunshine before germination. The germinating rate of urediospore, on 2% agar water membrane under 25℃, reach 78.4% for 48 hours. The overwintered urediospore on diseased leaves of Paeonia species still can germinate (2.96%) and infect. The teliospore will mature in three days after its formation and then germinate under the temperature 16—21℃ and 3 hours wet condition, producing basidiospores. Hyphae beneath the canker bark of Mongolian pine are perennial, septate, monocaryotic, and grow between host cells, entering cells to form haustoria. Some weed killers may eradicate Paeonia leaves. Using 10%, 20% NaCl solution or 5—10 grams, 10—20 grams of NaCl crystal to spread around the roots can kill Paeonia roots. Smearing chemical medicine on the surface of diseased stems, such as N-dodecyl-12.6-dimethyl morpholine (1000 times), the solution of creosote and machine oil mixed with corn germ oil (1:3 or 1:5), will kill aeciospore although there are chemical harm for twigs and young branches. Pruning including cutting off diseased shoots is an ideal measure to promote the growth of forest trees and the disease prevention.