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The Comprehensive Influence of Fertilization to Mixture Cultivated Perennial Grassland

施氮对15龄不同组合禾草混作草地的改良研究



全 文 :!23" !5#
 Vol.23  No.5
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  9%
  Sep.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.05.032
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犜犺犲犆狅犿狆狉犲犺犲狀狊犻狏犲犐狀犳犾狌犲狀犮犲狅犳犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犪狋犻狅狀狋狅犕犻狓狋狌狉犲犆狌犾狋犻狏犪狋犲犱
犘犲狉犲狀狀犻犪犾犌狉犪狊狊犾犪狀犱
LIUHaodong,CAOWenxia,LIWen,XUChanglin,LIXiaolong,SHIShangli
(GrasslandScienceColegeofGansuAgriculturalUniversity,GrasslandEcosystemKeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducation,
SinoU.S.ResearchCentersforSustainableGrasslandandLivestockManagement,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730030,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thecomprehensiveinfluencesofdifferentfertilizationtreatments(CK,N1,N2andN3)onthe
characteristicsofplantcommunitywereanalyzedusingthesixperennialgrasslandsmixturecultivatedfor
15yearsasmaterials.Theresultsshowedthattherichnessindexofgrasslandgradualydecreasedwiththe
increaseoffertilization,andfertilizationdrasticalyboostedtheplantheightandabovegroundbiomassof
grassland.Thedominantspeciesofcultivatedperennialgrasslandwasnotobviouslychangedbyfertiliza
tionforthefirstyear.Inaddition,thefertilizationinN2treatmentsignificantlyincreasedtheaboveground
biomassandJaccarddiversityindexofcultivatedperennialgrassland(犘<0.01),anddecreasedWhittaker
diversityindex.Meanwhile,thegrasslandproductivitywasimprovedandtherelativestabilityofcommu
nitywasmaintainedbyfertilizationinN2treatment.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Fertilization;Perennialgrassland;Mixturesowing;Diversityindex
EFGH
:20140829;IJGH:20150302
KLMN

A?()ú)•–\A
(CARS35);¬­®¯°+‡±(31360569);782,,øN°•Éʲ³(20122522)´ µ
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(1990),¸ ,78EÞ»,¼½˜™:,¾D˜™NLGNñ:8´†X,Email:505503703@qq.com;ÇÈÅÆ
Authorforcorrespondence,Email:caowx@gsau.edu.cn
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Table1 Thephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofsoilinexperimentalsite
ËÌߨ
Soildepth
/cm
›ùÌë
Organicmatter
/%
%N
AmmoniaN
/mg·kg-1
؁N
NitrateN
/mg·kg-1
¶iP
AvailableP
/mg·kg-1
¶iK
Availablek
/mg·kg-1
pH
0~10 10.50 17.82 18.44 17.21 209.83 7.82
10~20 10.28 18.01 14.51 16.15 148.34 8.17
\2 }[¬]*™ª+„XY¥.7
Table2 Thecompositionandratiooftheplot %

Sites
Vc5d
犅狉狅犿狌狊犻狀犲狉犿犻狊
]^LMN
犈犾狔犿狌狊狀狌狋犪狀狊
bcd
犈犾狔犿狌狊狊犻犫犻狉犻犮狌狊
T^QN
犃犵狉狅狆狔狉狅狀犮狉犻狊狋犪狋狌犿
Bñ&$É
犘狅犪犮狉狔犿狅狆犺犻犾犪
Ⅰ 25 25 50 — —
Ⅱ — 50 25 25 —
Ⅲ 25 25 25 25 —
Ⅳ 25 — 25 25 25
Ⅴ — 25 25 25 25
Ⅵ 25 25 25 — 25
  ò:“—”Pó39Y•3&ñ+¾A,;zp?P».Nñð8ÿëÈÊ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ?P&ñ™,šX
Note:“—”noappear;“Percentage”plantingproportion.“Ⅰ~Ⅵ”thelabelofsites,thesameasbelow
1.2 ^š›œ¥fgƒ
2013$7%‹K‹$:ÉT°».Nñ6Š

(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ);i!$UV,&ñ`/
Â3240m2。ŒÌÇë46%BuF,÷åc!$。
”e & ñ ! $ ë æ CK (W ! $)、N1 (75
kg·hm-2)、N2 (150 kg · hm-2)、N3 (225
kg·hm-2)4Y§¨,3üCMd›ÕÄ。”e!$
^XwÝ/ÂG45m2。2013$9%K‹$:ÉT
°».Nñ6Š&ñjk:9ëB、ç¨C(D‡Ó)[5]、G¨D(jk&
N+uŠY89B¥p
)、
R¨F(&,Ójk50
ü
)、
®¯ì¨ H(”Yjk15ü)。
1.3 ϙUV
1e9Yé@ãä¨
(summeddominancerati
o)Á.ªÂ:
犛犇犚5=(犉′+犎′+犇′+犆′+犅′)/5×100% (1)
Â+
,犉′,犎′,犇′,犆′=犅′zÆGƒKR¨、ì
¨



ç¨=:9ë

Margalef$%¨«p(Richnessindex)Á.
ªÂ

犚=(犛-1)/ln犖 (2)
Â+
,犛G”e&ñ&N+B`9Yp,犖 G”
e&N+B|¤9YB`e\p

Whittaker«pÁ.ªÂ:
β狑=[犛/犡]-1 (3)
Â+
,犛G&N+°?B9Yp,犡 G1&NB
L–9Yp

Jaccard«pÁ.ªÂ:
犆犼=犼/(犪+犫-犼) (4)
Â+
,犪,犫zÆG2f—B9Yp,犼G2f—
Bƒ9Yp

1.4 hi;n
¥SPSS18.0¿‘;iœEFNDz{,Do
—rg¥DuncanÓ;i‹CȚ。
2 lmY;n
2.1 ji%†ªbQ(6O(¬¬Bb+°a#
$0 ¡
!$—rÎìH15ÖoÅNñBñ‚:9ë
(犘<0.05)(×1)。8CKƒÈ,N1 !$§¨Ñ6
Š & ñ B ñ ‚ : 9 ë z Æ ñ   H 62.11%,
16.15%,69.71%,30.73%,43.19%,71.24%;N2
×rBñ H6Š&ñBñ‚:9ë(犘<
0.01),ñúimz Æ G:148.32%,172.46%,
166.65%,67.50%,84.03%,135.76%;N3 Ñ6Š
&ñBñ‚:9ëzÆñ H
:22%,94.63%,
60.87%,27.81%,44.01%,49.74%。WXB!$
0111
!5# YGÊ!:!ÇK15ÖWXà@ÉNoÅNñB¿ö˜™
ëK89B:uŒWXBÅ¥

•6Š&ñ‚,
!$KNæì¨B67PAG
:N2>N1>N3>CK。
!$&ñNæ쨗rì¦W!$&ñ
(犘<0.05),
½×B!$&ñNæì¨ÄÅ50cm}‚(×2)。
:1 ‡ˆji#$¾}[¬¬Bb+°0qŠ
Fig.1 Abovegroundbiomassoftestedgrasslandunderdifferentfertilizationgradients
ò

WXBCPó^X“Do—r
(犘<0.05),Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ?P&ñ™,N1,N2,N3?P!$^X,šX
Note:Differentlowercasesdenotesignificantdifferenceamongtreatments(犘<0.05),
Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵrepresentthelabelofsites,andN1,N2,N3representfertilizertreatment,thesameasbelow
:2 ‡ˆji#$¾}[¬(õ#$0qŠ
Fig.2 Variationofplantheightunderdifferentfertilizationgradients
2.2 ji%š›$4h0 ¡
ë×3|ì,!$K15Ö».oÿNñ$%¨
«pB67W—r

•Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ&ñ,CK
ÝÜNñB$%¨«p—rì¦!$ÝÜ
(犘<
0.05),½×•Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ&ñ‚ÄÅH×rK
L
(犘<0.01)。•Ⅲ™&ñ,CKB$%¨«pv
ì

ÄÅH2.94。wN1 Ý$%¨«p8N2 ÝQ
—rDo

:3 ‡ˆji#$¾}[¬š›$4h0qŠ
Fig.3 Variationoftherichnessindexunderdifferentfertilizationgradients
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ñˆÎ

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Ã÷d–!$§¨Bñ ÊÚBgä

8
ð8‹NYƒÈš

T^QN
(犃犵狉狅狆狔狉狅狀犮狉犻狊狋犪
狋狌犿)(‡‹$B©À,ÒãäñYj“,]^L
MN
(犈犾狔犿狌狊狀狌狋犪狀狊)、B ñ & $ É (犘狅犪犮狉狔
犿狅狆犺犻犾犪)、Vc5d(犅狉狅犿狌狊犻狀犲狉犿犻狊)lÙãä。
•¤z&ñ

jkGHIo
(犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊犪犾狋犪犻
犮狌狊)、÷ÜTUh(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狉狌狋犺犲狀犻犪var犻狀狊犮犺犪狀
犻犮犪)!(‡15$B©À,áGl£ãäY(Ⅵw
Ý
)。
\3 ‡ˆji#$¾}[¬C;*+³Œ$
Tabie3 Variationofthedominanceunderdifferentfertilizationgradients

Sites
!$§¨
Fertilization
gradients
]^LMN
犈犾狔犿狌狊
狀狌狋犪狀狊
Vc5d
犅狉狅犿狌狊
犻狀犲狉犿犻狊
jkGHIo
犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊
犪犾狋犪犻犮狌狊
ֆTUh
犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狉狌狋犺犲狀犻犪
var犻狀狊犮犺犪狀犻犮犪
Bñ&$É
犘狅犪
犮狉狔犿狅狆犺犻犾犪

N1 0.91±0.01a 0.91±0.01a — — 0.70±0.01a
N2 0.87±0.02ab 0.90±0.01a 0.55±0.01 — 0.50±0.02b
N3 0.83±0.01b 0.90±0.01a — — —
CK 0.75±0.01c 0.66±0.01b 0.35±0.00 0.32±0.02 0.39±0.03c

N1 0.94±0.02a — 0.39±0.01b — 0.19±0.01b
N2 0.95±0.01a 0.60±0.01  0.55±0.02a — —
N3 0.82±0.01b — — 0.47±0.01  0.30±0.01a
CK 0.67±0.04c 0.36±0.01 0.38±0.00b — 0.14±0.00b

N1 0.90±0.04a 0.39±0.05a — — 0.77±0.02a
N2 0.81±0.01ab 0.38±0.01a — — 0.52±0.01b
N3 0.67±0.01b 0.39±0.02a  0.48±0.01 — 0.37±0.02b
CK 0.71±0.03b 0.32±0.04b — — 0.45±0.01b

N1 — 0.55±0.02a — 0.85±0.01a 0.67±0.01a
N2 0.38±0.01 0.47±0.03b — 0.77±0.01b 0.63±0.01a
N3 — 0.37±0.01c — 0.78±0.01b 0.63±0.01a
CK 0.36±0.00 0.38±0.02c 0.14±0.01 0.71±0.01c 0.41±0.02b

N1 — 0.48±0.02b 0.86±0.01a — 0.69±0.03a
N2 0.39±0.02a 0.67±0.02a 0.82±0.01a 0.72±0.02  0.67±0.01a
N3 0.27±0.02b 0.66±0.01a 0.83±0.01a 0.79±0.01  0.62±0.02a
CK 0.20±0.01c 0.50±0.03b 0.63±0.04b — 0.37±0.01b

N1 0.85±0.03a — — 0.77±0.02a 0.53±0.01b
N2 0.76±0.01a — 0.31±0.01a 0.76±0.02a 0.58±0.01a
N3 0.48±0.01b — 0.24±0.01b 0.77±0.01a 0.48±0.01c
CK 0.45±0.01b — 0.20±0.01c 0.76±0.01a 0.47±0.01c
  ò:P+p½GL–õ±¬»0,XŠÄWX&ñ‚WXBCPó•0.05KL‚B—rDog
Note:Mean±SE(standarderror),differentlettersinthesamecolumnofdifferentsitesindicatesignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level
2.4 ji%犑犪犮犮犪狉犱†[34h(犆犼)a犠犺犻狋狋犪犽犲狉
4h0 ¡
N2 ^XBJaccard‹&g«p(犆犼)—rì¦
N1 ^X= N3 ^X,Whittaker«p—rÚ¦ N1
^X=N3 ^X(犘<0.05),î N2 ^XNñ=CK
ÝÜNñƒB9Yv‹

Òf—l%ŸGƒ„

N1 ^X= N3 ^XƒÈ,NñBJaccard‹&g«
p= Whittaker«p$&ñⅠ,ⅡsDo[W—r,
EJ!$|}¿noÅNñBf—l%

!$)@
X

Òf—l%=K}Ý)ƒ„

£s
,Jaccard‹
&g«p= Whittaker‹&g«pq”•–£›i
uB@A

n
×4)。
3 ~
  DK».Nñ:úç,,æÁ4Y§¨K
1999$ð8BoÅNñ;i:úçÎe!$UV,
UVPJ

!$•ÎìNñ:úçBX“

ÊÚHf
—B$%¨«p

Ð8¶ÐJ
,Eduardo[78]°:Š
X
。N2(150kg·hm-2)!uFëG‹$:oÅÉ
NñBvz!$ë

8!ðŽ
[9]
BUVlmŠX

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!5# YGÊ!:!ÇK15ÖWXà@ÉNoÅNñB¿ö˜™
:4 ‡ˆji#$¾}[¬犆犼 †[34ha 犠犺犻狋狋犪犽犲狉4h0qŠ
Fig4 JaccardindexesandWhittakerindexesofgrasslandsunderdifferentfertilizationgradients
  ‹$:ÉNñ(‡‹$B©À,Þð8ãùÉ
T°,NBãäñYŸWâ ¿n
[10]。
CvŒ?
PBãäY]^LMN

•âzåÍB‘šBâ
z*¥i5ì

:úç›

w•âzïµ]ƇëB
‘š

KâzBÑÒâçƒKšã

:uEŒ
L

T˜™+

f—$%¨«pd–!$§¨Bñ
 ˆÊÚ

Ð8Nñ!$ÌÒf—L]^LMNœ
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。N2 !$KL%ð
HNñ:uví1B:Ž

Òf—Jaccard‹&g
«pvì
,Whittaker‹&g«pvÚ,ûüHf—
ãä,NYyl%BƒKÇkg

4 l
Ç$!lñ H15ÖoÅÉNNñBNæì
¨=ñ‚:9ë

$%¨«pd–!$§¨Bñ 
ˆïw
;150kg·hm-2BuF!$ë|×rÎe
WXà@oÅNñ:úç

ÑNñBJaccard‹&
g«pvì
,Whittaker‹&g«pvÚ,ûüãä
,NBãäñY†f—l%BƒKÇkg

ÄÅH
¿öNñB³B

u>?
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KzK¤·B7ž
[J].n}()°+,2013,41(11):388391
[2] ÖH,Að˜,mIF,!.!$=ÜÇKoÿNñ:9ëB6
7
[J].N)°+,2008,25(7):8386
[3] ûîî,ِÆ,Ö_³,!.!$KJ3Nñ&$É».Nñ
Yfl%B67
[J].J3O,¹-NZ,2013,43(2):1819
[4] ªJ°,;J,H:K,!.WX!$^XKÎììæ».o
ÿNñúNëBUV˜™
[J].N)°+,2003,20(4):1415
[5] Ó_½,0gŽ,k®@,!.ìæñ݋$:ÉN».NñN
YfQ˜™
[J]. 2*++w,2003,39(5):8286
[6] H®=.ŠYZBNñç¨jk‰†Ñ¥NÓ[J].N)°+,
1997,14(1):4950
[7] ¶ÐJ,Ö®=,ª¬L.!$KìæNß89‹&g=()
yfB67
[J].3489+w,2004,24(3):424429
[8] EduardoTF,CarlosN,DeniseAGE.Fertilizationandover
sowingonnaturalgrassland:effectsonpasturecharacteristics
andyearlingsteersperformance[J].RevistaBrasileirade
Zootecnia,2011,40(9):20392047
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Nñf—RSB67
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