作 者 ：张远;陈立斌;渠晓东;孔维静;孟伟
期 刊 ：植物科学学报 2011年 29卷 5期 页码：552-560
Keywords:Aquatic macrophytes, Community characteristics, Taizi River,
摘 要 ：采用样方法对太子河3条支流大型水生植物群落结构与生物量的研究表明:太子河北支大型水生植物的优势种为小眼子菜(Potamogeton pusillus)、菹草(P.crispus)和马来眼子菜(P.malaianus),主要群落类型为小眼子菜+菹草群落;细河大型水生植物的优势种为菹草、马来眼子菜和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata),主要群落类型为菹草+轮叶黑藻群落;海城河大型水生植物的优势种为轮叶黑藻、小眼子菜、五刺金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum oryze-torum)和菹草,主要群落类型为轮叶黑藻+小眼子菜+菹草群落。从定量生长型谱来看,太子河北支以小眼子菜型为主要类型,细河以大眼子菜型为主要类型,海城河以大眼子菜型、小眼子菜型、金鱼藻型和伊乐藻型为主要类型;从生活型谱来看,3条支流都是以沉水植物为主要生活型。大型水生植物群落相似性聚类分析表明3条支流水生植物群落组成差异显著。3条支流大型水生植物沿河流纵向分布格局均为间断的斑块状,沿水深的垂直分布格局不明显。太子河北支大型水生植物从上游到下游均有出现;细河大型水生植物主要分布在下游;海城河大型水生植物主要分布在中下游。大型水生植物生产力(湿重):海城河(644 g/m2)﹥太子河北支(586.8 g/m2)﹥细河(151.1 g/m2)。大型水生植物与环境因子的相关性分析表明:大型水生植物的物种数与氨态氮、水温、pH和电导率显著正相关(p<0.05);与溶解氧、底质指数和海拔显著负相关(p<0.01);优势种小眼子菜的生物量与水深显著正相关(p<0.01),与电导率和总氮显著负相关(p<0.05)。
Abstract:The community structure and biomass of aquatic macrophytes were investigated in three Taizi River tributaries of northeast China.The results indicated that Potamogeton pusillus,P.crispus and P.malaianus were the dominant species in the North Taizi Stream,where P.pusillus+P.crispus presented the main community type;P.crispus,P.malaianus and Hydrilla verticillata were the dominant species in the Xi Stream,where P.crispus+Hydrilla verticillata was the main community type;H.verticillata,P.pusillus,Ceratophyllum oryzetorum and P.crispus were the dominant species in the Haicheng Stream,where H.verticillata+P.pusillus+P.crispus was the main community type.Parvopotamids and magnopotamids were the main growth-form of quota growth-form spectrum in the North Taizi Stream and Xi Stream,respectively.The quota growth-form spectrum of Haicheng Stream was more complex with magnopo-tamids,parvopotamids,ceratophyllids and elodeids all dominant growth-forms.The submerged plants were the dominant life-form at all three streams.Based on cluster analysis,the aquatic macrophytes community differed significantly between the three streams.The longitudinal distribution pattern of aquatic macrophytes was highly patched at each stream and the vertical distribution pattern was not indentified along water depth.The aquatic macrophytes appeared from upstream to downstream at the North Taizi Stream,but were only found from middle stream to downstream in Haicheng Stream and downstream in Xi Stream.Average productivity(wet weight)of aquatic macrophytes showed that the highest value was at Haicheng Stream(644 g/m2),middle value was at the North Taizi Stream(586.8 g/m2),and the lowest value was at Xi Stream(151.1 g/m2).The correlation analyses of aquatic macrophytes and physico-chemical factors showed that species richness showed significant positive correlation with ammonium(NH3-N),water temperature,pH,and conductivity(p<0.05),but showed significant negative correlation with dissolved oxygen,substrate index and altitude(p<0.01).The biomass of P.pusillus demonstrated significant positive correlation with water depth(p<0.01)but significant negative correlation with conductivity and total nitrogen(p<0.05).
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