Abstract:Our flora survey of Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve revealed 46 rare and endangered plant species in 29 families and 39 genera,including 6 ferns,11 gymnosperm species,and 29 angiosperm species.Five species were under Class Ⅰ National Protection,while 29 species were under Class Ⅱ,based on the National Protection List 1999.Nineteen species were proposed to be included in the national protection list and 20 at the provincial level,of which six species were newly recorded in Guangdong and nine were endemic to Northern Guangdong and Nanling.Human activities were the main threatening factor in the reserve,and several suggestions are given in regards to the protection of these rare and endangered plants.