对22份“十五”攻关培育的创新种质和22份大豆育成品种进行了24个SSR标记的分析比较，目的是在分子水平上阐明创新种质的遗传结构特点，为拓宽我国大豆育成品种遗传基础及亲本选择提供理论依据。本研究在24个SSR位点共发现231个等位变异，其中15.8%（36个等位变异）为创新种质所特有，特别是在与大豆胞囊线虫紧密连锁的Satt309位点上验证了一个我国独有的等位变异。结合UPGMA和Model-based聚类结果，将创新种质和育成品种分为4组，第Ⅰ组由13份来自东北和山西的创新种质组成；第Ⅱ组由8份来自东北的育成品种组成；第Ⅲ组由8份来自黄淮海和南方的大豆种质组成，其中创新种质和育成品种各为4份；第Ⅳ组由4份育成品种组成，分别来自吉林、黑龙江、河南和山西。遗传多样性分析结果表明，利用国外种质和野生大豆创造的创新种质丰富了东北地区育成品种的遗传多样性。因此，应加强利用国外种质、我国栽培大豆地方品种和野生大豆等优异资源，在创造优异大豆新种质的同时，拓宽我国大豆的遗传基础。
To clarify the patterns of genetic structure, 22 relased modern cultivars and 22 new enhanced germplasms were analyzed with 24 SSR markers. Among the total of 231 alleles, 36 unique alleles were found only in new enhanced germplasms. At Satt309 locus, which closely linked with soybean cyst nematode resistance, an allele, which only was found in Chinese soybean landrace, was confirmed. Combining the results obtained by using UPGMA method and model-based method, four distinct clusters were discovered. Cluster Ⅰ was comprised of 13 new enhanced germplasms from Northeast region and Shanxi province. Cluster Ⅱ included 8 released cultivars from Northerneast region. Cluster Ⅲ consisted of 4 new enhanced germplasms and 4 released cultivars from Huanghuaihai and Southern region. Cluster Ⅳ contained 4 relased cultivars from Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Henan provinces. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the new enhanced germplasms, which utilized foreign germplasms and wild species as parent, broadened the genetic base of released cultivars in northeast region.
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