利用大豆重组自交系soy01群体中的255个家系进行2年田间试验，采用两种作图方法，寻找一粒荚、四粒荚、每荚粒数等5个荚粒性状稳定的QTL。结果表明，利用区间作图法，2年共找到24个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为5%~80%；利用复合区间作图法，2年共找到27个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为4%~73%。利用复合区间作图法，2年找到2个重复出现、稳定的四粒荚QTL和2个每荚粒数QTL，为大豆荚粒性状QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助育种提供了基础和依据。
Seed and pod traits are important factors affecting soybean yield, which are controlled by polygenes. The previous studies have identified many QTLs associated with yield and its component. The previous genetic analysis also pointed out that improving the seed and pod traits was an efficient way to increase soybean yield, but there was little QTL analysis on seed and pod traits. In order to find out steady and repeatable QTLs of these traits, 255 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Zhongdou 29 and Zhongdou 32 were used to map QTLs of seed and pod traits in two years. ANOVA analysis showed that the characters of one-seed pod, four-seed pod, and number of seeds per pod had significant year-line interaction in two years, while number of pods and number of seeds had not. A genetic linkage map of soybean genome was constructed, which consisted of 23 linkage groups with 98 SSR markers. The Interval Mapping method(IM) and Composite Interval Mapping method(CIM) were used to identify QTL associated with one-seed pod, four-seed pod, number of pod, number of seeds, and number of seeds per pod. A total of 51 QTLs for these traits were identified in two years using different statistic methods. Among them, 24 QTLs explained the phenotypic variance ranging from 5% to 80% by using interval mapping method, and 27 QTLs accounted for 4% to 73% of the variance for the 5 traits using CIM. Tow QTLs of four-seed pod and tow QTLs of number of seeds per pod were found in tow years with different methods. These results can be used for the further fine mapping and marker assisted selection of these traits.
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