免费文献传递   相关文献

EST-Aided Conversion of AFLP Marker Linked to Dominant Male Sterility Gene in Brassica napus into SCAR

EST辅助的甘蓝型油菜显性核不育AFLP标记转化


Dominant genic male sterility (Ms) in Brassica napus has been widely utilized in recurrent selection and in heterosis application. Recent genetical studies verified that its restorer gene is an allele locating at the Ms gene locus. According to this genetic pattern, a whole sterile population (Msms) can be acquired by crossing a homozygous male sterile line (MsMs) with a temporary maintainer (msms) and further used as a female parent in hybrid production, but trans-breeding of the sterile line or the temporary maintainer line that has the same nuclear background with the temporary maintainer line or the sterile line is critical to obtain uniform hybrid population and to maintain heterosis. Because of being laborious and time-consuming, an AFLP marker is usually converted to a PCR marker which is more efficient in molecular marker-assisted selection. In present study, we developed a SCAR marker with bioinformatics method from an AFLP marker SA12MG14 tightly linked to the Ms. Homologous sequences for this marker were obtained through Blast search (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and a corresponding accession of EST from Brassica napus was found from the Arabidopsis thaliana Integrated Database (http://atidb.org/cgi-perl/gbrowse/atibrowse). According to the combined sequence information of the AFLP fragment and the EST, a pair of primers was designed and analyzed on a backcross population Popu2. A dominant SCAR marker S6B3 was successfully identified and further detected consistently on the population with the original AFLP marker. The detected band was clear and steady. This marker is 0.3 cM away from the Ms, and its practical application will enhance work efficiency of breeding for homozygous sterile lines homologous to corresponding temporary maintainers.


全 文 :作物学报 ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2009, 35(8): 1458−1461 http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/
ISSN 0496-3490; CODEN TSHPA9 E-mail: xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn

本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2001CB10807),引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2006-G04),国家油菜现
代产业技术体系(nycytx-00512)项目资助。
第一作者联系方式: E-mail: songlaiqiang@yahoo.com.cn
Received(收稿日期): 2008-12-17; Accepted(接受日期): 2009-03-18.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01458
EST辅助的甘蓝型油菜显性核不育 AFLP标记转化
宋来强 1,2 易 斌 2 杨明贵 2 陈伦林 1 傅廷栋 2
1 江西省农业科学院油料作物重点实验室, 江西南昌 330200; 2 华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室 / 国家油菜品种改良武汉
分中心, 湖北武汉 430070
摘 要: 甘蓝型油菜显性核不育广泛应用于轮回选择和杂种优势利用, 不育基因标记的开发与应用对于基因克隆和
育种实践具有重要意义。基于 AFLP 标记 SA12MG14 的序列信息, 从拟南芥整合数据库中, 检索与标记序列同源的
甘蓝型油菜 EST, 结合标记和 EST序列设计特异引物, 转化成新的 SCAR标记。获得的 SCAR标记 S6B3, 具有很高
的检测稳定性, 在回交群体 Popu2上分析验证, 结果与 AFLP标记完全一致。该标记与不育基因相距 0.3 cM, 将其用
于临保系同源的纯合型不育系选育, 可有效提高育种工作效率。
关键词: 甘蓝型油菜; 显性核不育; EST; AFLP; SCAR
EST-Aided Conversion of AFLP Marker Linked to Dominant Male Sterility
Gene in Brassica napus into SCAR
SONG Lai-Qiang1,2, YI Bin2, YANG Ming-Gui2, CHEN Lun-Lin1, and FU Ting-Dong2
1 Key Laboratory of Oil Crops, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; 2 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic
Improvement / National Subcenter of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Abstract: Dominant genic male sterility (Ms) in Brassica napus has been widely utilized in recurrent selection and in heterosis
application. Recent genetical studies verified that its restorer gene is an allele locating at the Ms gene locus. According to this
genetic pattern, a whole sterile population (Msms) can be acquired by crossing a homozygous male sterile line (MsMs) with a
temporary maintainer (msms) and further used as a female parent in hybrid production, but trans-breeding of the sterile line or the
temporary maintainer line that has the same nuclear background with the temporary maintainer line or the sterile line is critical to
obtain uniform hybrid population and to maintain heterosis. Because of being laborious and time-consuming, an AFLP marker is
usually converted to a PCR marker which is more efficient in molecular marker-assisted selection. In present study, we developed
a SCAR marker with bioinformatics method from an AFLP marker SA12MG14 tightly linked to the Ms. Homologous sequences
for this marker were obtained through Blast search (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), and a corresponding accession of EST from
Brassica napus was found from the Arabidopsis thaliana Integrated Database (http://atidb.org/cgi-perl/gbrowse/atibrowse). Ac-
cording to the combined sequence information of the AFLP fragment and the EST, a pair of primers was designed and analyzed on
a backcross population Popu2. A dominant SCAR marker S6B3 was successfully identified and further detected consistently on
the population with the original AFLP marker. The detected band was clear and steady. This marker is 0.3 cM away from the Ms,
and its practical application will enhance work efficiency of breeding for homozygous sterile lines homologous to corresponding
temporary maintainers.
Keywords: Brassica napus; Dominant genic male sterility; EST; AFLP; SCAR
甘蓝型油菜显性核不育已广泛用于轮回选择和
杂种优势利用。最近的研究表明, 显性核不育的恢
复基因是该不育基因位点的另一个等位基因, 即符
合复等位基因遗传模式[1-2]。根据这一模式, 使用临
保系(msms)与纯合型不育系(MsMs)杂交, 可得到全
不育群体(Msms), 然后用全不育群体与恢复系杂交
制种。为得到整齐一致的杂交种并保持杂种优势 ,
使临保系和纯合型不育系的核背景相同是应用的关
键一步。临保系同源的纯合不育系的转育群体中相
同可育表型有 3 种不同的基因型, 开发与应用分子
标记有助于目标基因型的鉴别, 提高育种效率, 加
快育种进程。陆光远等[3-5]筛选得到 5个与不育基因
第 8期 宋来强等: EST辅助的甘蓝型油菜显性核不育 AFLP标记转化 1459


紧密连锁的 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymor-
phism)标记[6]。宋来强等[7]基于回交群体开发了 8个
AFLP 标记 , 其中最近的 2 个标记 P05MC15 和
SA12MG14距离不育基因仅 1.6 cM和 0.3 cM, 并将
不育基因标记 P05MC15转化为恢复基因标记, 从分
子水平进一步验证了甘蓝型油菜显性核不育的复等
位基因遗传。
AFLP 标记是揭示遗传多态性能力很强的一种
分子标记 , 但分析流程繁杂 , 直接用于辅助选择 ,
效率低、成本高, 实际应用通常转化为 PCR 标记。
目前 AFLP 标记转化一般依片段回收、克隆测序和
引物设计等步骤进行, 如AFLP片段长, 可直接设计
引物, 如片段短或片段内无差异, 需进一步 PCR 步
行获得侧翼序列 , 然后设计引物 , 转化成 SCAR
(sequence characterized amplified region)、STS (se-
quence tagged site)或 CAPS (cleaved amplified poly-
morphic sequence)。按照上述步骤已将 SA12MG14
转成 SCAR标记 SC6[7], 但该标记稳定性较差。本研
究在得到 AFLP 标记序列后, 借助 EST (expressed
sequence tag)序列信息 , 转化获得检测稳定性更高
的 SCAR标记 S6B3, 并为 AFLP标记转化探索新的
技术方法。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料及群体构建
试验材料是小孢子培养得到的两个 DH (dou-
bled haploid)系 S148和 S467, S148来自 609B(纯合
型显性核不育系 609AB 中的可育株), 通过无性保
持, S467 来自显性核不育临保系 GS2467。S148 与
S467杂交, F1群体 100%不育, 从中选不育株与 S467
回交, 得到标记验证群体 Popu2。将 Popu2群体播种
于秧盘, 育苗至 4~5 叶, 然后移栽大田, 常规管理,
并随机选择 386个单株进行验证分析。
1.2 DNA提取
取样前, 对亲本及群体分单株编号挂牌, 于苗
期选取幼嫩叶片, 装于 1.5 mL离心管, –70℃储存备
用, 花期观察记载育性表现。提取基因组 DNA采用
改良的 CTAB 法。用 0.8%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测
DNA质量, DNA浓度用紫外分光光度计分析。依据
检测结果, 将各个样品的 DNA 浓度调整到 50 ng
μL−1, –20℃保存备用[7]。
1.3 标记同源序列检索
采用 Blastn (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)搜索
AFLP 标记片段的拟南芥同源序列, 确定该序列在
拟南芥基因组的位置, 应用 http://atidb.org/cgi-perl/
gbrowse/atibrowse 的检索系统, 搜索与此对应的甘
蓝型油菜(或白菜型油菜、大白菜)的 EST, 按照基因
序列方向, 拼接 EST和标记序列, 应用Oligo程序设
计特异引物, 将两个引物安排在不同的序列上。引
物由上海生工生物技术公司合成。
1.4 标记验证
将合成引物先在双亲上作温度梯度试验, 确定
适宜的退火温度 , 再在 Popu2 群体上分析 , 比较
SCAR标记与 AFLP标记的一致性。
2 结果与分析
2.1 同源 EST筛选及引物设计
SA12MG14 是基于回交群体 Popu1 (609AB/
GS2467//GS2467)开发的 8 个 AFLP 标记之一 , 在
Popu2群体验证表明该标记与显性核不育基因Ms距
离最近, 相距 0.3 cM, 将其转化为 PCR标记的应用
价值最大。通过 AFLP片段回收与克隆测序, 得到该
标记片段的序列[7]。将 SA12MG14 标记序列递交美
国国家生物信息中心(NCBI)网站 Blastn 搜索, 找到
同源序列, 即:① Arabidopsis thaliana At1g10400
mRNA for putative glucosyl transferase, complete cds;
② Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-glucoronosyl/UDP-
glucosyl transferase, family protein (At1g10400)
mRNA, complete cds; ③ Genomic sequence for
Arabidopsis thaliana BAC F14N23 from Chromosome
1, complete sequence。 3 个序列实质上都指向
At1g10400。在拟南芥数据库 (http://atidb.org/cgi-
perl/gbrowse/atibrowse)中查找到与此基因同源的仅
有 1条 EST, 编号为 CD812880。将其反向互补序列
与 SA12MG14 标记位点序列连接起来 , 设计引物
B3F (5′-CATTCATCTTTCACCACCAT-3′) 和 B3R
(5′-TTGATACAAAACCCACCACA-3′)。
2.2 标记转化
将 B3F和 B3R引物对在两个亲本上进行退火温
度梯度试验, 确定 PCR适宜的退火温度范围为 60℃
至 62℃。然后选择 Popu2部分单株及亲本用于检测
多态性与育性的关系, 结果表明 Popu2 的不育株及
不育亲本 S148上扩增出约 830 bp的亮带, 而在可育
株及临保系亲本无扩增产物 , 表现显性多态性(图
1)。在整个 Popu2群体上进一步分析, 结果与对应的
AFLP标记完全一致, 把这一标记命名为 S6B3标记。

1460 作 物 学 报 第 35卷



图 1 S6B3在 Popu2群体样本中的扩增检测
Fig. 1 Amplification patterns of the SCAR marker S6B3 in a subset of population Popu2
1~12:不育株; 13~24是可育株; 25:S148; 26:S467; M:DNA ladder。
1–12: 12 sterile individuals; 13–24: 12 fertile individuals; 25: S148; 26: S467; M: DNA ladder.

片段回收分析表明, 除去标记原有序列, 扩增
产物延长了 681 bp。Blastn 同源性检索结果仍然是
At1g10400的基因序列, 标记 43~255 bp与 at1g10400
的 903~691 bp同源性为 88%。
3 讨论
甘蓝型油菜是由白菜型油菜与甘蓝天然杂交自
然加倍进化而来, 包含两个基本种的基因组, 即 A
基因组和 C 基因组。目前, 芸薹属基因组计划在大
白菜和甘蓝中分别进行, 获取全基因组序列仍需几
年时间, 目前虽不能像水稻一样, 根据标记位点的
侧翼序列转化甚至寻找新的标记 [8], 但仍可根据芸
薹属间及与近缘种拟南芥比较基因组研究及大量的
甘蓝型油菜 EST等序列资源, 开发 PCR标记。Inoue
等[9]根据公布的 B. oleracea、B. rapa、B. napus、
Arabidopsis thaliana和在 B. oleracea新开发的 EST,
采用 2个甘蓝品系分析比较了不同来源 EST在甘蓝
的扩增比例和不同标记形式检测的多态性比例, 9%
的引物组合在琼脂糖凝胶上检测到 SCAR, 而 52%
可检测到限制性片段单链构像多态性 (polymerase
chain reaction restriction fragments single strand con-
formation polymorphism, PCR-RF-SSCP)。借助 EST
序列资源开发 EST-SSR (eSSR)也成为现实的技术途
径[10-13]。目前, 基于众多 EST序列开发大量的 PCR
标记通常用于基因组作图 [14], 而基于标记同源的
EST 序列将 AFLP 标记转成 SCAR 标记在甘蓝型油
菜中研究较少。本研究在获得 AFLP标记序列后, 首
先检索现有的同源甘蓝型油菜 EST, 筛选标记同源
的 EST, 直接设计引物, 成功地将 SA12MG14 转化
为质量更高的 SCAR标记 S6B3, 为 AFLP标记转化
为 SCAR标记提供了一个更为快捷简便的方法。
由于甘蓝型油菜中两个基因组较为接近, 而且
在基因组内还存在大量的重复, 给 AFLP 标记转化
增加了难度, 无论是片段回收克隆测序, 还是 PCR
步行延伸标记侧翼序列, 都容易受到非目标的同源
序列的干扰, 容易得到与标记同源的其他序列。应
用生物信息学方法, 借助标记同源序列同样可以转
化或开发新的特异标记也是如此。研究中试图根据
标记序列与拟南芥的共线性对应关系, 利用标记附
近位点的同源 EST 寻找更为紧密的连锁标记, 虽然
获得了 2个 SCAR标记, 但与目标基因不连锁(数据
未列出), 表明这 2个 EST是标记区域的同源序列。
对于有扩增产物但未能表现多态性的也有两种可能,
一是非目标的同源序列 , 二是序列内本身无多态
性。因此, 在全基因组完全测序前, 将 AFLP揭示多
态性的强大能力与同源 EST等现有序列资源结合起
来转化或开发特定位点的 PCR 标记, 是一条较为有
效的技术途径。
4 结论
借助标记同源 EST 序列信息, 成功将甘蓝型油
菜显性核不育基因 1 个 AFLP 标记有效转化为检测
质量更高的 SCAR标记。
References
[1] Song L-Q(宋来强), Fu T-D(傅廷栋), Yang G-S(杨光圣), Tu
J-X(涂金星), Ma C-Z(马朝芝). Genetic verification of multiple
allelic gene for dominant genic male sterility in 609AB (Brassica
napus L.). Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2005, 31(7): 869–875(in
Chinese with English abstract)
[2] Song L-Q(宋来强), Fu T-D(傅廷栋), Yang G-S(杨光圣), Tu
J-X(涂金星), Ma C-Z(马朝芝). Allelism analysis of dominant
genic male sterility gene and its restorer gene in Brassica napus.
Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2006, 39(3): 456–462(in Chinese
with English abstract)
[3] Lu G-Y(陆光远), Yang G-S(杨光圣), Fu T-D(傅廷栋). Identifi-
cation of AFLP markers linked to the dominant genic male steri-
lity gene in Brassica napus L. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004,
30(2): 104–107(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] Lu G-Y(陆光远), Yang G-S(杨光圣), Fu T-D(傅廷栋). Linkage
map construction and mapping of a dominant genic male sterility
gene Ms in Brassica napus. Acta Genet Sin (遗传学报), 2004,
31(11): 1309–1315(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] Lu G Y, Yang G S, Fu T D. Molecular mapping of a dominant
genic male sterility gene Ms in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).
Plant Breed, 2004, 123: 262–265
[6] Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Van de Lee T, Hornes M,
Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M. AFLP: A new
第 8期 宋来强等: EST辅助的甘蓝型油菜显性核不育 AFLP标记转化 1461


technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucl Acids Res, 1995, 23:
4407–4414
[7] Song L Q, Fu T D, Tu J X, Ma C Z, Yang G S. Molecular valida-
tion of multiple allele inheritance for dominant genic male steril-
ity gene in Brassica napus L. Theor Appl Genet, 2006, 113:
55–62
[8] Shirasawa K, Kishitani S, Nishio T. Conversion of AFLP markers
to sequence-specific markers for closely related lines in rice by
use of the rice genome sequence. Mol Breed, 2004, 14: 283–292
[9] Inoue H, Nishio T. Efficiency of PCR-RF-SSCP marker produc-
tion in Brassica oleracea using Brassica EST sequences.
Euphytica, 2004, 137: 233–242
[10] Yu J K, Rota M L, Kantety R V, Sorrells M E. EST derived SSR
markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. Mol Gen
Genomics, 2004, 271: 742–751
[11] Zhang L Y, Bernard M, Leroy P, Feuillet C, Sourdille P. High
transferability of bread wheat EST-derived SSRs to other cereals.
Theor Appl Genet, 2005, 111: 677–687
[12] Nicot N, Chiquet V, Gandon B, Amilhat L, Legeai F, Leroy P,
Bernard M, Sourdille P. Study of simple sequence repeat (SSR)
markers from wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Theor Appl
Genet, 2004, 109: 800–805
[13] Peng J H, Lapitan N L V. Characterization of EST-derived mi-
crosatellites in the wheat genome and development of eSSR
markers. Funct Integr Genomics, 2005, 5: 80–96
[14] Kim J S, Chung T Y, King G J, Jin M, Yang T J, Jin Y M, Kim H
I, Park B S. A sequence-tagged linkage map of Brassica rapa.
Genetics, 2006, 174: 29–39