大豆核心种质是筛选优异基因的重要物质基础。本研究以栽培大豆(G. max)核心种质经聚类随机选择样本为主，以栽培大豆保留种质和野生大豆（G. soja）为对照，利用小鼠单克隆抗体Gly m Bd 30K(F5) 和Gly m Bd 28K(C5)分别检测大豆的30K和28K过敏蛋白抗原，目的是发掘过敏蛋白缺失的品种资源，明确其分布规律和特点，检测大豆核心种质的代表性，为资源和育种研究提供参考。鉴定结果表明，在参试的60份野生大豆和421份栽培大豆中没有发现30K过敏蛋白缺失的种质,但28K过敏蛋白缺失率分别为13.3%和37.8%。栽培大豆核心种质28K过敏蛋白缺失比率的变化趋势与栽培大豆保留种质总体规律基本相同，在3个生态区的缺失比率差异均不显著，说明核心种质在28K过敏蛋白缺失这个性状上具有代表性。SSR标记分析发现，在缺失过敏蛋白的种质中，80%相似系数在0.44以下，表明这些种质遗传基础较为广泛，可充分利用类群内或类群间差异较大的材料作为亲本配制杂交组合，培育缺失28K过敏蛋白优质品种。
Soybean core collection is very important foundation for novel gene mining. Part of soybean core collection was used to compare with reserved germplasm and wild soybean by using immunoblotting, in order to select Gly m Bd 30K and Gly m Bd 28K allergen-null germplasm, and evaluate the representation of core collection. The result showed that all the materials, including 60 wild soybean and 421 cultivars, contained Gly m Bd 30K and the absence ratio of Gly m Bd 28K in cultivars (37.8%) was higher than that in wild soybean (13.3%). The distribution tends of Gly m Bd 28K null materials in core collection was similar to that in reserved collection. The absence ratios of Gly m Bd 28K were not significantly different in three ecotype regions of both core collection and conserved collection, which indicated that the core collection has perfect representative. SSR marker analysis showed that similarity index among 80% cultivars lacking Gly m Bd 28K was less than 0.44, which indicated these germplasms had abundant genetic diversity and could be used in the breeding of Gly m Bd 28K lacking varieties.
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