Abstract:There are 41 species of Pedicularis distributed in Gaoligong Mountains located between the Nu-jiang (Salween) and the Dulongjiang - Nmeikai (Irrawaddi) rivers in NW Yunnan, China. The number of species in Gaoligong Mountains constitutes 27.3 of the total numbers in Yunnan. According to Li‘s sys-tem, all forms of corolla- types are founded in the mountain range, i. e. 7 species of edentate, 3 of den-tate, 28 of short - tubed, and 3 of long - tubed. In Tsoong‘s system, Pedicularis are divided into 13 grexes, all of them are distributed in Yunnan. In Gaoligong Mountains, 9 grexes or 69.2 of the total are repre-sented there. Of the 112 series of Pedicularis in Tsoong‘s system occur 72 in Yunnan and 36 in Gaoligong Mountains. It is obvious that Gaoligong Mountains are at least part of the center of modem distribution and center of diversification of the genus by the fact that almost all major stages of evolution can be found in this area. It is noticed that Gaoligong Mountains are particularly rich in intermediate forms, i. e. the short -tubed species. Most of the Pedicularis species in Gaoligong Mountains are endemic to China. Five species are endemic to Gaoligong Mountains.