Abstract:Through a comprehensive study of all Melocalamus specimens from Yunnan, it is reported here that the record of M.compactiflorus in Yunnan was misidentified because other species was cited when described. Meanwhile, a new status (M.compactiflorus var. fimbriatus) is made and its floral characteristics is outlined. Up to now, two species and one variety of Melocalamus are identified in Yunnan. A key to species is provided.