全 文 ：中国外来入侵植物的学名考证*
闫小玲**, 马金双**
(中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心, 上海摇 201602)
摘要: 基于中国外来入侵植物的相关报道和文献, 发现一些入侵植物的学名使用比较混乱, 一个物种存在
两个或两个以上的名称。 依据最新植物志资料, 对国内 30 种外来入侵植物学名进行了考证, 包括中名、
基名 (若存在)、 异名、 原产地以及在中国的分布等。
关键词: 入侵植物; 中国; 学名; 分类修订
中图分类号: Q 949摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文献标识码: A摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文章编号: 2095-0845(2011)01-132-11
Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China
Xiao鄄Ling YAN**, Jin鄄Shuang MA**
(Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China)
Abstract: Based on literatures of invasive plants, the scientific names of thirty alien invasive plants in China are re鄄
viewed here, since more than one name were used for one species by different anthers. The data from the floras up鄄
dated were employed to compile the scientific name for each species. The vernacular name, basionym (if present),
synonym (s) for each species, along with their distributions in China were provided.
Key words: Invasive plants; China; Scientific name; Taxonomic notes
1. Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R. M. King
& H. Robinson, Phytologia 19: 211. 1970淤; G,
L. Nesom in Fl. N. Amer. 21: 553. 2006. Ba鄄
sionym Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel, Syst.
Veg. 3: 420. 1826 (Asteraceae).
Sticky snakeroot (破坏草于), a native species
of Mexico, introduced and naturalized in pantropical
and pansubtropical as invasive in Canary Islands,
Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Indone鄄
sia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, South Africa,
Americas, probably all over SE Asia, Australia, Pa鄄
cific islands, South China Sea Islands, and has been
introduced and naturalized in China since the middle
of the nineteenth century: Chongqing, Guangxi,
Guizhou, Hebei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan and
Yunnan. Here Ageratina is a restricted circumscrip鄄
tion in a broad Eupatorium. It is commonly accepted
as E. adenophorum in China (Li and Xie, 2002; Shi
et al., 2004; Guan et al., 2006; Huang et al.,
2006; Xu et al., 2006; Xu and Lu, 2006; Hu et
al., 2007; Xie et al., 2007b; Liu et al., 2008;
Tang et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008; Zhou et al.,
2008; Yang, 2009). However, it was also misiden鄄
tified as E. coelestinum (Li et al., 2006; Ma et al. ,
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 2011, 33 (1): 132 ~ 142
Plant Diversity and Resources摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 DOI: 10. 3724 / SP. J. 1143. 2011. 10256
*
**
Foundation item: Shanghai Landscaping Administrative Bureau (G1024011)
Xiao鄄Ling YAN, E鄄mail: sx_yxl@ 163. com, xiaolingyan. zju@ gmail. com; Jin鄄Shuang MA, E鄄mail: jinshuangma@ gmail. com
Received date: 2010-12-28, Accepted date: 2011-01-10
摇 淤摇 Y. L. Chen, T. Kawahara & N. Hind, Asteraceae in Fl. Chin. 20 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss / vol鄄
ume20 / Asteraceae鄄AGH鄄Eupatorieae_coauthoring. htm).
摇 于 《中国植物志》 英文版称其为破坏草, 但国内大多数学者称其为 “紫茎泽兰冶。
2009; Conoclinium coelestinum in Flora of Chi鄄
na盂), which is native to North America, and some鄄
times been classified in the genus Eupatorium, espe鄄
cially Ageratum (Ageratina is the diminutive of Ag鄄
eratum, Schmidt and Schilling, 2000 ), now has
been cultivated and escaped in Guizhou and Yunnan
of China.
2. Alternanthera bettzickiana榆 (Regel) G. Nichol鄄
son, Ill. Gard. Dict. 59. 1884; B. J. Bao, S. E.
Clemants & T. Borsch in Fl. Chin. 5: 427. 2003.
Syn. Alternanthera versicolor (Lemaire) Regel, Gar鄄
tenflora. 18: 101. 1869 (Amaranthaceae).
Calico plant (锦绣苋), a native species found
in South America, is treated as Alternanthera versico鄄
lor (Shan et al., 2006; Yan et al., 2007). Now it
has been cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and
China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guang鄄
dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang,
Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jian鄄
gxi, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Macau,
Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai,
Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Xi鄄
zang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
3. Amaranthus blitum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 990.
1753; B. J. Bao, S. E. Clemants & T. Borsch in
Fl. Chin. 5: 421. 2003. Syn. Amarathus lividus
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 990. 1753 (Amaranthaceae).
Purple amaranth (凹头苋), native to the Med鄄
iterranean region and naturalized in other parts of the
world including much of eastern North America, is
reported as Amarathus lividus (Liu et al., 2006; Xu
et al., 2006; Dong and Ye, 2007; Li et al., 2007;
Wang et al., 2007a; Zhu et al., 2007; Peng et al.,
2008; Song et al., 2009; Niu and Li, 2010; Gao
and Cao, 2010) in China: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei,
Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jian鄄
gxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
4. Amaranthus hybridus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 990.
1753; B. J. Bao, S. E. Clemants & T. Borsch in
Fl. Chin. 5: 427. 2003 (Amaranthaceae).
Slim amaranth (绿穗苋) was originally a pio鄄
neer plant in eastern North America, and it has been
reported in Bhutan, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Sikkim,
Vietnam, Europe, North and South America as
well, naturalized in many places of warmer climate,
and widespread in China: Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou,
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi,
Sichuan and Zhejiang. Amaranthus chlorostachys has
been suggested as subspecies of A. hybridus, while
some authors treated it as A. hybridus (Chen et al.,
2003; Wei et al., 2006a; Yang, 2009).
5. Amaranthus tricolor Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 989.
1753; B. J. Bao, S. E. Clemants & T. Borsch in
Fl. Chin. 5: 420. 2003. Syn. A. mangostanus Lin鄄
naeus, Cent. Pl. I. 1: 32. 1755 (Amaranthaceae).
Three鄄colored amaranth (苋), probably native
to tropical Asia, is treated as Amaranthus mangosta鄄
nus ( Sun et al., 2009). It is widely cultivated in
China: Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Gan鄄
su, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Hei鄄
longjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin,
Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Macau, Ningxia, Qing鄄
hai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Si鄄
chuan, Taiwan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan
and Zhejiang.
6. Basella alba Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 272. 1753;
D. Q. Lu & M. G. Gilbert in Fl. Chin. 5: 445.
2003. Syn. Basella rubra Linnaeus in Sp. Pl. 1:
272. 1753 (Basellaceae).
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 盂摇 Y. L. Chen, T. Kawahara & N. Hind, Asteraceae, in Fl. Chin. 20 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss /
volume20 / Asteraceae鄄AGH鄄Eupatorieae_coauthoring. htm).
摇 榆摇 Flora of North America recorded as Alternanthera bettzichiana.
3311 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 YAN and MA: Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 Ceylon spinach (落葵), a pantropical spe鄄
cies, is treated as Basella rubra ( Chen, 2008 ),
widely cultivated in China and naturalized in South
China: Gongdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong,
Macau and Zhejiang.
7. Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus) R. M. King
& H. Robinson, Phytologia. 20: 204. 1970虞; G,
L. Nesom in Fl. N. Amer. 21: 544. 2006. Ba鄄
sionym Eupatorium odoratum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.,
ed. 10, 1205. 1759 (Asteraceae).
Jack in the bush (飞机草), a species native to
North America, from Florida and Texas to Mexico
and the Caribbean, widely naturalized in tropical
Asia, introduced into Hainan of China during World
War II. It is a destructive invasive alien in the field
because of very strong ability in propagation and has
been naturalized and invasive in many places of Chi鄄
na: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan,
Hong Kong, Macau, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan.
Chromolaena is here followed Flora of North
America and Flora of China. However, it has fre鄄
quently been used as Eupatorium odoratum in the
Chinese works (Li and Xie, 2002; Zeng, 2003; Xu
and Qiang, 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Guan et al.,
2006; Wei et al., 2006a, b; Xu et al., 2006; Xu
and Lu, 2006; An et al., 2007; Ning et al., 2007;
Wang et al., 2007b; Xie et al., 2007b; Fan et al.,
2008; Liu et al., 2008; Qin et al., 2008; Tang et
al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2008;
Zhou et al., 2008; Long, 2009; Ma et al., 2009).
8. Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1011. 1753愚.
Syn. Cucumis bisexualis Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin. 4
(2): 126-127, f. 1-6. 1984 (Cucurbitaceae).
Cantaloupe (甜瓜), native to Old World trop鄄
ics and subtropics, widely cultivated in tropical and
temperate countries, adventive in New World trop鄄
ics, but wide cultivated and escaped in China: An鄄
hui, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong
and Shanxi, but is treated as Cucumis bisexualis
(Xu et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2007; He and Ge,
2008). Xu and Qiang (2004) also treated C. melo
and C. bisexualis as two species separately.
9. Dysphania ambrosioides ( Linnaeus) Mosyakin
& Clemants, Ukrayinsk. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 382.
2002; G. L. Chu, S. L. Mosyakin & S. E. Clem鄄
ants in Fl. Chin. 5: 377. 2003. Basionym Chenop鄄
odium ambrosioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753
(Chenopodiaceae).
Mexican鄄tea (土荆芥), native to tropical Amer鄄
ica, widely naturalized in tropical, subtropical, and
warm鄄temperate regions of the world, naturalized
and often cultivated for medicine in China: Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Si鄄
chuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Dysphania
is accepted here in sensu lato (Mosyakin and Clem鄄
ants, 2002), including all other “ glandular冶 taxa
previously treated in Chenopodium subg. The species
is widely accepted as Chenopodium ambrosioides in
China (Li and Xie, 2002; Deng and Lu, 2004; Liu
and Qin, 2004; Shi et al., 2004; Wang et al.,
2004; Xu and Qiang, 2004; Yan et al., 2004; Hu
et al., 2005; Tian et al., 2005; Ding et al., 2006;
Guan et al., 2006; Ou and Lu, 2006; Shi et al.,
2006; Song et al., 2006; Wei et al., 2006a, b;
Wu et al., 2006; Xu and Lu, 2006; Dong and Ye,
2007; Hu et al., 2007; Li et al., 2007; Lin and
Wang, 2007; Tan et al., 2007; Wang et al.,
2007b; Xie et al., 2007a, b; Zhao, 2007; Zhu et
al., 2007; Chen et al., 2008; He and Ge, 2008;
Jiang et al., 2008; Li et al., 2008; Liu et al.,
2008; Luo, 2008; Peng et al., 2008, 2009; Wang
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 虞摇 Y. L. Chen, T. Kawahara & N. Hind , Asteraceae in Fl. Chin. 20 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss /
volume20 / Asteraceae鄄AGH鄄Eupatorieae_coauthoring. htm).
摇 愚摇 A. M. Lu & C. Jeffrey, Cucurbitaceae in Fl. Chin. 19 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss / volume19 / Cu鄄
curbitaceae鄄MO_reviewing. htm).
431摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 第 33 卷
et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008; Zhou et al.,
2008; Ji et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2009; Li et
al., 2009; Ma et al., 2009; Shu et al., 2009; Tang
et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2009;
Yang and Chen, 2009; Yu et al., 2009; Zeng et
al., 2009; Zhang and Zhang, 2009; Ge et al.,
2010; He et al., 2010; Qi et al., 2010; Wang,
2010; Zhang et al., 2010).
10. Euphorbia maculata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:
455. 1753; J. S. Ma & M. G. Gilbert in Fl.
Chin. 11: 296. 1997. Syn. Euphorbia supina
Rafinesque in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2
(2): 119. 1817 (Euphorbiaceae).
Spotted sandmat (斑地锦), a species native to
North America and naturalized in China: Hebei,
Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan and Zhe鄄
jiang, is treated as Euphorbia supina ( Liu et al.,
2002; Li et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2009; Dong et
al., 2010).
11. Ipomoea alba Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 161.
1753; R. C. Fang & G. Staples in Fl. Chin. 16:
309. 1995. Syn. Calonyction aculeatum ( Linnae鄄
us) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 31 ( 11 ):
590. 1904 (Convolvulaceae).
Tropical white morning鄄glory (月光花), a spe鄄
cies of night鄄blooming morning鄄glory, native to tropi鄄
cal and subtropical regions of the New World, from
northern Argentina north to Mexico and Florida, cul鄄
tivated and also naturalized in Indonesia, Japan
( Ryukyu Islands ), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and
Pacific Islands, was used as Calonyction aculeatum
( Yan et al., 2007; Chen, 2008; Zeng et al.,
2009; Qi et al., 2010). This species is widely cul鄄
tivated as an ornamental plant for its flowers in
China: Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangsu,
Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
12. Ipomoea nil (Linnaeus) Roth, Catal. Bot. 1:
36. 1797. R. C. Fang & G. Staples in Fl. Chin.
16: 305. 1995. Basionym Convolvulus nil Linnae鄄
us, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 219. 1762. Syn. Ipomoea
hederacea ( Linnaeus) Jacquin, C. B. Clarke in
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 199. 1883; Pharbitis
nil (Linnaeus) Choisy in M佴m. Soc. Phys. Gen侉ve.
6: 439-440. 1833 (Convolvulaceae).
Whiteedge morning鄄glory (牵牛 ) has been
treated either as Pharbitis hederacea ( Ma et al.,
2009; Qi et al., 2010) or Ipomoea hederacea (Chen
et al., 2006), or was frequently recorded as Pharbi鄄
tis nil (Yan et al., 2004, 2005; Chen, 2005; Ding
et al., 2006; Qu et al., 2006a, b; Jiang et al.,
2008; Zhou et al., 2008; Chen, 2008; Zeng et
al., 2009). Native to South America, it now nearly
cultivated as an attractive ornamental plant in many
pantropical places, and the descendents of garden
escapes now grows in China: Anhui, Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei,
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Inner
Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
13. Ipomoea quamoclit Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 159-
160. 1753; R. C. Fang & G. Staples in Fl. Chin.
16: 301. 1995. Syn. Quamoclit pennata ( Desr. )
Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 224. 1837 (Convolvulaceae).
Cypressvine (茑萝), native to tropical regions
of the New World from northern South America to
Mexico, is reported as Quamoclit pennuta (Li, 1992;
Qu et al., 2006a, b; Wang, 2008; Qi et al., 2010).
It is widely cultivated as ornamental plant throughout
the tropics and also outside of tropical regions, culti鄄
vated and escapes from gardens in China: Guang鄄
dong, Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi and Zhejiang.
14. Lablab purpureus ( Linnaeus ) Sweet, Hort.
Brit. 481. 1826; T. L. Wu & M. Thulin in Fl. Chin.
10: 253. 2010. Syn. Dolichos lablab Linnaeus in Fl.
Gal佗pagos Isl. i鄄xx, 1-998. 1971 (Fabaceae).
Hyacinth Bean (扁豆), native to Africa, cul鄄
tivated throughout the tropics, widely cultivated in
China: Beijing, Chongqing, Hainan, Hebei, Hong
5311 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 YAN and MA: Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
Kong, Shaanxi and Zhejiang, is treated as Dolichos
lablab (Liu et al., 2002; Sun et al., 2009).
15. Leucaena leucocephala ( Lamarck) de Wit,
Taxon 10: 54. 1961; T. L. Wu & I. C. Nielsen in
Fl. Chin. 10: 53. 2010. Basionym Mimosa leuco鄄
cephala Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 12. 1783. Syn. Leu鄄
caena glauca Bentham, J. Bot. (Hooker). 4 (32):
416. 1842 (Fabaceae).
White leadtree (银合欢) originally from tropi鄄
cal America, widely distributed in tropical and sub鄄
tropical regions, cultivated and naturalized for use as
green manure and fodder in China: Fujian, Guang鄄
dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan and
Yunnan, is treated as Leucaena glauca ( Peng et
al., 2008; Qin et al., 2008).
16. Medicago polymorpha Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:
779. 1753; Z. Wei & M. A. Vincent in Fl. Chin.
10: 557. 2010. Syn. Medicago hispida in Fruct.
Sem. Pl. 2: 349, pl. 155. 1791 (Fabaceae).
Burclover ( 南 苜 蓿 ), annual or biennial
herbs, native at least to N Africa, SW Asia, and S
Europe, widely cultivated or escaped to elsewhere
fields, including China: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei,
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tai鄄
wan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. However, it was com鄄
monly accepted as Medicago hispida in China (Liu
and Qin, 2004; Xu and Qiang, 2004; Lu et al.,
2005; Yi et al., 2005; Shi et al., 2006; Wang et
al., 2007a; Chen et al., 2008; He and Ge, 2008;
Wang, 2008; Zhou et al., 2008; Ji et al., 2009;
Ma et al., 2009; Ge et al., 2010; Wang, 2010).
17. Melinis repens (Willdenow) Zizka, Biblioth. Bot.
138: 55. 1988; S. L. Chen & S. M. Phillilps in Fl.
Chin. 22: 539, 2006. Basionym Saccharum repens
Willdenow, Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 1: 322. 1797. Syn. Rhy鄄
nchelytrum repens (Willdenow) C. E. Hubbard, Bull.
Misc. Inform. Kew 1934 (3): 110. 1934 (Poaceae).
Rose Natal grass (红毛草), native to Africa,
naturalized in China: Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan,
Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Yunnan, is a poly鄄
morphic and pantropical weed, recognizable by its
pink, fluffy panicles. However, it was widely ac鄄
cepted as Rhynchelytrum repens in China ( Li and
Xie, 2002; Wang et al., 2004; Chen, 2005; Yan
et al., 2004, 2005; Li et al., 2006; An et al.,
2007; Fan et al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2008; Qin et
al., 2008; Lin et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008;
Yang and Chen, 2009).
18. Mimosa bimucronata (Candolle) O. Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891; T. L. Wu & I. C.
Nielsen in Fl. Chin. 10: 53, 2010. Basionym Aca鄄
cia bimucronata Candolle, Prodr. 2: 469. 1825.
Syn. Mimosa sepiaria Bentham. Britton, N. Amer.
Fl. 23 (3): 137-194. 1928 (Fabaceae).
Smooth pod mimic (光荚含羞草), native to
South America (NE Argentina and E Brazil), intro鄄
duced to Guangdong, escaped in spare forests of
Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan of China. It has been
treated as Mimosa sepiaria (Ding et al., 2006; Xie
et al., 2007b; Ye et al., 2008). Fan et al. (2008)
also used as “Mimosa sphyaria冶, the name first
used by Liu (2006) in his doctoral dissertation, but
never existed in nomenclature.
19. Mukia maderaspatana (Linnaeus) M. J. Roe鄄
mer, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2: 47. 1846舆 .
Syn. Coccinia cordifolia ( Linnaeus ) Cogniaux,
Monogr. Phan. 3: 529. 1881 (Cucurbitaceae).
Ivy gourd (帽儿瓜), native to old tropical and
subtropical and Australia, is accepted as Coccinia
cordifolia in China: Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Taiwan and Yunnan (Xu and Qiang, 2004; Wang et
al., 2007b).
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 舆摇 A. M. Lu & C. Jeffrey, Cucurbitaceae in Fl. Chin. 19 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss / volume19 / Cu鄄
curbitaceae鄄MO_reviewing. htm).
631摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 第 33 卷
20. Oenothera stricta Ledebour ex Link, Enum.
Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 377. 1821; J. R. Chen, P.
C. Hoch & W. L. Wagner in Fl. Chin. 13: 426.
2007 (Onagraceae).
Chilean evening primrose (待宵草), native to
South America (Chile and Argentina), naturalized
in Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North A鄄
merica and Pacific islands, usually escaped from
cultivation and sometimes cultivated for its relatively
large, attractive flowers, often becomes naturalized
in China and elsewhere: Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Tai鄄
wan and Yunnan.
Many reports from China have been determined
as Oenothera odorata Jacquin ( Yi et al., 2005;
Zhao and Dong, 2007; Chen, 2008; Qi et al.,
2010), however, the later, also native to S South
America but rarely, if ever, naturalized elsewhere,
differs from O. stricta by having narrower leaves, lar鄄
ger petals that lacks a red spot at the base, shorter
floral tubes, and bracts mostly longer than the cap鄄
sules they subtend.
21. Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawler) Haworth, Sup鄄
pl. Pl. Succ. 79. 1819; Z. Y. Li & N. P. Taylor
in Fl. Chin. 13: 210. 2007. Basionym Cactus dil鄄
lenii Ker Gawler, Bot. Reg. 3: t. 255. 1818. Syn.
Opuntia stricta ( Haworth ) Haworth var. dillenii
(Ker Gawler) L. Benson, in Cact. Succ. J. (Los
Angeles), 41 (3): 126. 1969 (Cactaceae).
Erect prickly pear (仙人掌), native to the
Caribbean region, widely introduced and naturalized
in tropical regions, is treated as Opuntia stricta var.
dillenii in China ( Xu et al., 2006; An et al.,
2007; Xie et al., 2007b; Fan et al., 2008; Qin et
al., 2008; Tang et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008;
Yang et al., 2008; Yan and Chen, 2009). The
species was first recorded in China in 1702, and
now widely spread in China: Chongqing, Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hu鄄
nan, Macau, Shandong, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
22. Paspalum distichum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. , ed.
10, 2: 855. 1759; S. L. Chen & S. M. Phillps in
Fl. Chin. 22: 528. 2006. Syn. Paspalum paspal鄄
odes (Michaux) Scribner, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
5 (3): 29. 1894 (Poaceae).
Knot grass (双穗雀稗), a monocot, is native to
California and is also found elsewhere in North Ameri鄄
ca, tropical and warm鄄temperate regions of the world,
including China: Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
The length of the lower glumes is very variable in this
species, even within a single raceme. It is reported as
Paspalum paspaloides (Guan et al., 2006).
23. Praxelis clematidea R. M. King & H. Rob鄄
inson, Phytologia. 20: 194. 1970余 . Syn. Eupato鄄
rium catarium Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore
51: 121. 1999 (Asteraceae).
Praxelis (假臭草), widespread in South A鄄
merica, becoming weedy in many cultivated areas,
has been introduced and becoming naturalized in
Northern Australia and Asia ( Fujian, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan
of China). It was commonly accepted as Eupatorium
catarium (Li and Xie, 2002; Wang et al., 2004;
Yan et al., 2004, 2005; Chen, 2005; Li et al.,
2006; Ou and Lu, 2006; Zheng et al., 2006; An et
al., 2007; Cao et al., 2007; Ning et al., 2007;
Wang et al., 2007b; Chen et al., 2008; Fan et
al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2008;
Qin et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Yang and
Chen, 2009; Zeng et al., 2009).
24. Senna tora ( Linnaeus) Roxburgh, Fl. Ind.,
ed. 2: 340. 1832; T. C. Chen, D. X. Zhang & K.
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 余摇 Y. L. Chen, T. Kawahara & N. Hind , Asteraceae in Fl. Chin. 20 (unpublished, online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss /
volume20 / Asteraceae鄄AGH鄄Eupatorieae_coauthoring. htm).
7311 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 YAN and MA: Nomenclatural Notes on Alien Invasive Vascular Plants in China摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
Larsen in Fl. Chin. 10: 32. 2010. Basionym Cas鄄
sia tora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 376. 1753. Syn.
C. obtusifolia L., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38
(1): 1-94. 1951 (Fabaceae).
Sickle senna (决明) has been widely accepted
either as Cassia tora (Ng and Richard, 2002; Deng
and Lu, 2004; Tian and L俟, 2004; Wang et al.,
2004; Xu and Qiang, 2004; Yan et al., 2004;
Ding et al., 2006; Guan et al., 2006; Liu et al.,
2006; Qi and Xu, 2006; Shi et al., 2006; Song et
al., 2006; Wei et al., 2006a; An et al., 2007; Qin
et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2007; Chen et al.,
2008; Fan et al., 2008; He and Ge, 2008; Jiang et
al., 2008; Luo and Liu, 2008; Peng et al., 2008,
2009; Qin et al., 2008; Wang, 2008; Zhou et al.,
2008; Chen et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009; Ma et
al., 2009; Shu et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2009; Zeng
et al., 2009; Zhang and Zhang, 2009; Zhang et
al., 2010 ), or Cassia obtusifolia ( He et al.,
2010). It is native to tropical America and widely
cultivated in the tropics, subtropics and China: An鄄
hui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hai鄄
nan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liao鄄
ning, Macau, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Tai鄄
wan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
25. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacquin, Collectanea
1: 100. 1787; Z. Y. Zhang, A. M. Lu & W. G.
D忆Arcy in Fl. Chin. 17: 323. 1994. Syn. Solanum
khasianum C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 4 (10):
234. 1883 (Solanaceae).
Indian nightshade (喀西茄), probably native to
Brazil, widespread in old tropical and China: Fujian
(Xiamen), Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Si鄄
chuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang (Pingyang),
is recorded as Solanum khasianum ( Ding et al.,
2006; Qin et al., 2008).
26. Solidago canadensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 879.
1753俞 . Syn. Solidago altissma Linnaeus, Monogr.
Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i鄄xlii, 1鄄2666.
2001 (Asteraceae).
Canada goldenrod (加拿大一枝黄花), an or鄄
namental and decorative plant, native to North Amer鄄
ica, widely cultivated in gardens and parks in China:
Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei,
Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Lia鄄
oning, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yun鄄
nan and Zhejiang. It is one of the worst weeds and
most widespread invasive species in China, but is
treated as Solidago altissma (Peng et al., 2008).
27. Spermacoce latifolia Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 1:
55, t. 19 / 1. 1775. Syn. Borreria latifolia (Aublet)
K. Schum in Fl. Bras. 6 (6): 61, t. 80. 1888
(Rubiaceae).
Button weed (阔叶丰花草), a native species
found in South America, introduced to Guangdong,
naturalized in wastelands of China: Fujian, Guang鄄
dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan,
Macau, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang, is treated as
Borreria latifolia ( Li et al., 2006; Zheng et al.,
2006; An et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008).
28. Symphytum officinale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:
136. 1753; G. L. Zhu, H. Riedl & R. Kamelin in
Fl. Chin. 16: 359. 1995. Syn. Symphytum peregri鄄
num Ledeb, Ind. Sem. Hort. Dorp. 4. 1820 (Bor鄄
aginaceae).
Comfrey (聚合草), native to Europe, is known
elsewhere, including North America, was introduced
in 1963 in China: Fujian, Hebei, Liaoning, Taiwan
and Xinjiang as green forage for livestock, but was
reported as Symphytum peregrinum (Li, 1981, 1992;
Qu et al., 2006a, b).
29. Veronica polita Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. 5: 63.
1817. D. Y. Hong & M. A. Fischer in Fl. Chin.
摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇
摇 俞摇 Y. L. Chen, L. Brouillet & J. C. Semple, Asteraceae in Fl. Chin. 20 (unpublished online: http: / / flora. huh. harvard. edu / china / mss /
volume20 / Asteraceae鄄MO鄄Astereae_coauthoring. htm).
831摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 第 33 卷
18: 70. 1998. Syn. Veronica didyma Tenore., So鄄
sud. Rast. SSSR. 509. 1981 (Scrophulariaceae).
Grey field鄄speedwell (婆婆纳), native in SW
Asia and naturalized over most of the world, is trea鄄
ted as Veronica didyma (Liu and Qin, 2004; Tian et
al., 2005; Xie et al., 2007b; Zhu et al., 2007; Li
et al., 2008; Shu et al., 2009; Zhang, 2009 ),
widely spread in China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian,
Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xin鄄
jiang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
30. Waltheria indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 673.
1753; Y. Tang, M. G. Gilbert & L. J. Don in Fl.
Chin. 12: 321. 2007. Syn. Waltheria americana
Linnaeus in Sp. Pl. 2: 673. 1753 (Sterculiaceae).
Uhaloa (蛇婆子), pantropical species, is be鄄
lieved to have originated from the Neotropics, and is
treated as Waltheria americana (An et al., 2007;
Wang et al., 2008) in south China: Fujian, Guang鄄
dong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, Tai鄄
wan and Yunnan.
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241摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 第 33 卷