Abstract:262 accessions of adzuki bean from different ecological regions have been evaluated in the experimental field of Beijing for two years. The results indicated that the 16 morphology traits of 262 adzuki bean germplasm had extensive genetic variation types. The ecological environment, especially the lighting conditions in different years had a great effect on the agronomic traits. The main agronomic characters of adzuki bean varieties which showed notability difference were investigated with principal components analysis. Three common factors in every class were calculated. The results demonstrated the adzuki bean breeding should focus on the local varieties, which had a better growth potential (short growth period and scrubby plant height) and a father more pods and seeds. Cluster analysis showed that 262 representative landraces could be classified into 5 groups with a genetic similarity coefficient as 0.40. Each group had different characteristics and showed abundant genetic diversity. There was no obvious evidence that the groups had direct relationship with the origins of accessions.