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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2014年 15卷 4期

关键词：小麦；大面积种植品种；骨干亲本；遗传差异；SSR；

Keywords:Wheat, Founder parents, Widely grown cultivars, Genetic difference, SSR,

摘 要 ：为了解小麦大面积种植品种和育种骨干亲本的遗传差异特点，利用分布于小麦全基因组的428个SSR标记对4个大面积种植品种和4个骨干亲本进行了比较分析。结果表明，品种间遗传距离变异范围为0.460~1.126，平均0.876，其中骨干亲本间的平均遗传距离（0.955）高于大面积品种间的遗传距离（0.718）。骨干亲本中检测到的等位变异数较大面积品种高16.4%，其平均等位变异（2.90）也略高于大面积品种（2.43）。从不同基因组和染色体来看，骨干亲本在A、B和D基因组上及19对染色体（除了2D和6D）的平均等位变异均高于大面积品种。骨干亲本中有518个特有等位变异（在大面积品种中没有发现），其中Xwmc513和Xbarc59为骨干亲本共有SSR位点，大面积品种中也检测到315个特有等位变异，其中Xp3029、Xwmc235、Xgwm518、Xgdm43、Xbarc146和Xcfd80为共有SSR位点。这些特异基因组区域可能在骨干亲本和大面积种植品种形成中发挥了重要作用。

Abstract:To understand the genomic characteristics among founder parents and widely grown cultivars in wheat, we screened the genomes of 4 founder parents and 4 widely grown wheat cultivars with 428 SSR markers covering the whole wheat genome. The Nei’s distances among the eight cultivars varied from 0.460 to 1.126, with an average of 0.876. The average of Nei’s distances among the founder parents was 0.955, which was higher than that among the widely grown cultivars (0.718). The alleles detected in the founder parents were over 16.4% than that presented in the widely grown cultivars. The average of alleles per SSR locus in the founder parents was 2.90, which was higher than that in the widely grown cultivars (2.43). Similarly, the means of alleles observed in the founder parents were higher than those in the widely grown cultivars on A, B and D genomes, or 19 chromosomes except of 2D and 6D. Furthermore, the founder parents had 518 specific alleles compared to widely grown cultivars, and Xwmc513 and Xbarc59 were common SSR loci. Whereas 315 specific alleles were observed in the widely grown cultivars compared to founder parents, Xpsp3029, Xwmc235, Xgwm518, Xgdm43, Xbarc146 and Xcfd80 were common SSR loci. The chromosomal regions may play an important role for the production of founder parents and widely grown wheat cultivars.

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