期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 3期
Keywords:Walnut, Hybrid, Leaf traits, Heritability,
摘 要 ：为了探索核桃叶片性状的遗传规律，为杂交后代性状早期选择提供依据，以2个正反交组合374个杂交单株7年生实生树为试材，测定了各正反交单株的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶形指数和比叶重等。结果表明：各性状的变异系数均在6%以上，比叶重的变异系数最高，在15%以上；叶形指数的遗传传递力在4个杂交组合中均大于100%；叶宽和叶形指数较其它3个性状的广义遗传力高，均在79以上；叶面积的次数分布呈连续性变异，不同杂交组合正反交后代叶面积大小的分布主要集中在55~60cm2，小叶型、中间型和大叶型植株在杂交后代群体中所占比率分别为13%~15%、74%~80%和10%以下；在‘绿岭’、‘辽宁1号’的正反交组合中，叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶形指数和比叶重分别为12.52 cm、6.72 cm、55.27 cm2、1.88、53.18 g/m2和12.86 cm、6.71 cm、56.43 cm2、1.91、59.09 g/m2，反交后代的叶面积和比叶重2个性状均极显著大于正交后代；在‘绿岭’、‘绿早’的正反交组合中，各性状的值分别为12.63 cm、6.73 cm、57.25 cm2、1.94、63.54 g/m2和12.58 cm、6.80 cm、57.59 cm2、1.88、62.28 g/m2，正反交的叶长、叶宽、叶面积和比叶重性状均没有显著差异，正交后代的叶形指数显著大于反交后代。
Abstract:In order to reveal the genetic law of walnut leaf traits, so as to provide the basis for early trait selection of hybrid offspring, the leaf traits such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf index and specific leaf weight of 374 strains in two reciprocal crosses which were 7-year-old seedling tree were investigated. The results showed that the variation coefficients of each traits were more than 6%; the highest variation coefficient was specific leaf weight, which was more than 15%; in the 4 cross combinations, the inheritance of transfer ability of leaf index was more than 100%; compared with the other three traits, the broad-sense heritability of leaf width and leaf index was the highest, both more than 79; the frequency distribution of leaf area was continuous variation. The leaf areas in different cross combinations reciprocal offspring were mainly concentrated 55~60 cm2; the proportions of small leaf, middle leaf and large leaf types in the hybrid offspring were 13%~15%, 74%~80% and less than 10% respectively; in the reciprocal cross offspring combinations of ‘Lvling’ and ‘LiaoningNO.1’, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf index and specific leaf weight respectively were 12.52 cm, 6.72 cm, 55.27 cm2, 1.88,53.18 g/m2and 12.86 cm, 6.71 cm, 56.43 cm2, 1.91,59.09 g/m2; leaf area and specific leaf weight of inverse cross offspring were very significant higher than those of obverse cross offspring; in the obverse cross and inverse cross combinations of ‘Lvling’ and ‘Lvzao’, the value of each trait were 12.63 cm, 6.73 cm, 57.25 cm2, 1.94, 63.54 g/m2and 12.58 cm, 6.80 cm, 57.59 cm2, 1.88, 62.28 g/m2respectively. There were no significant differences among leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and specific leaf weight of reciprocal crosses; the leaf index of obverse cross offspring was significant higher than that of inverse cross offspring.