全 文 :中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
·2198·
印度红树植物 Xylocarpus moluccensis种子中柠檬苦素成分研究
邵 凯,申 丽,吴 军*
暨南大学药学院 海洋药物研究中心,广东 广州 510632
摘 要:目的 对印度木果楝属红树植物 Xylocarpus moluccensis 种子中的柠檬苦素成分进行研究。方法 利用正、反相硅
胶柱以及高效液相等色谱手段进行分离制备,并利用核磁共振波谱和离子阱电喷雾质谱鉴定化合物结构。结果 从 X.
moluccensis 种子中共分离得到 18 个柠檬苦素类化合物,包括 14 个 mexicanolides、2 个 gedunins、1 个 andirobine 和 1 个原
柠檬苦素;分别鉴定为 fissinolide(1)、3-propanoylproceranolide(2)、3β-hydroxyangustidienolide(3)、3β-acetoxy-6-deoxy-
swietenine(4)、febrifugin(5)、granatumin I(6)、3-de (2-methylbutanoyl)-3-propanoylcipadesin(7)、granatumin H(8)、
tigloylseneganolide A(9)、ruageanin A(10)、swietemahonolide(11)、khayasin T(12)、andhraxylocarpin D(13)、granatumin
D(14)、7-oxo-7-deacetoxygenunin(15)、gedunin(16)、methyl angolensate(17)、20,21,22,23-tetrahydro-23-oxoazadirone(18)。
结论 化合物 2为新化合物,命名为 3-propanoylproceranolide;化合物 3为新天然产物。
关键词:红树植物;木果楝属;Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk) M. Roem.;柠檬苦素;3-propanoylproceranolide
中图分类号:R284.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253 - 2670(2015)15 - 2198 - 08
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2015.15.003
Limonoids from Indian mangrove, seeds of Xylocarpus moluccensis
SHAO Kai, SHEN Li, WU Jun
Marine Drugs Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate limonoids in the seeds of an Indian mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis. Methods Compounds
were isolated and purified by silica gel, ODS gel column chromatographies, and HPLC. The structures of the obtained limonoids were
identified by NMR spectra and ESI-MS. Results Eighteen limonoids, such as fissinolide (1), 3-propanoylproceranolide (2), 3β-
hydroxyangustidienolide (3), 3β-acetoxy-6-deoxy-swietenine (4), febrifugin (5), granatumin I (6), 3-de(2-methylbutanoyl)-3-
propanoylcipadesin (7), granatumin H (8), tigloylseneganolide A (9), ruageanin A (10), swietemahonolide (11), khayasin T (12),
andhraxylocarpin D (13), granatumin D (14), 7-oxo-7-deacetoxygenunin (15), gedunin (16), methyl angolensate (17), and 20,21,22,23-
tetrahydro-23-oxoazadirone (18), were isolated and identified. Conclusion 3-propanoylproceranolide (2) is a new compound, and
compound 3 is a new natural product.
Key words: mangrove; Xylocarpus Koenig; Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk) M. Roem.; limonoids; 3-propanoylproceranolide
红树植物是一类生长在热带、亚热带海洋潮间
带的耐盐植物群落。全球现有红树植物 84 种,可分
为真红树和半红树两大类。其中真红树植物 70 种,
半红树植物 14 种[1]。全球属于楝科的红树植物仅有
真红树植物木果楝一属。据文献报道,木果楝属红
树植物的主要次生代谢产物为柠檬苦素。柠檬苦素
是一类高度氧化的四降三萜类化合物,主要存在于
楝科、芸香科、苦木科和叶柄花科等植物中。该类
化合物是由具有 4,4,8-三甲基-17-呋喃甾体骨架的
前体经过一系列的氧化重排衍生而来的。柠檬苦素
主要有拒食、杀虫、抗菌、抗疟和抗癌等多种生物
活性[2-4]。迄今,从木果楝属红树植物中共分离鉴定
了 2 1 3 个柠檬苦素类化合物,包括 1 0 6 个
mexicanolides、88 个 phragmalins、4 个 andirobins、
4 个 gendunins、1 个 obacunol[5-6]。本实验对印度木
果楝属红树植物 Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk) M.
收稿日期:2015-05-08
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(81302693,31170331,81125022);海洋生物天然产物化合物库(GD2012-D01-001);广东省科技计
划项目(2013B051000057)
作者简介:邵 凯(1990—),男,山东省济南人,暨南大学 2012 级硕士研究生,研究方向为海洋天然产物化学。
*通信作者 吴 军,教授,博士生导师。E-mail: wwujun68@163.com
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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Roem. 种子中的柠檬苦素成分进行了研究,共分离
鉴定了 18 个柠檬苦素化合物,包括 14 个
mexicanolides、2 个 gedunins、1 个 andirobine 和 1
个原柠檬苦素,分别为 fissinolide(1)、3-propanoyl-
proceranolide(2)、3β-hydroxyl- angustidienolide(3)、
3β-acetoxy-6-deoxy-swietenine(4)、febrifugin(5)、
granatumin I ( 6 )、 3-de (2-methylbutanoyl)-3-
propanoylcipadesin ( 7)、 granatumin H ( 8)、
tigloylseneganolide A(9)、 ruageanin A(10)、
swietemahonolide ( 11 )、 khayasin T ( 12 )、
andhraxylocarpin D(13)、granatumin D(14)、
7-oxo-7-deacetoxygenunin(15)、gedunin(16)、methyl
angolensate ( 17 )、 20,21,22,23-tetrahydro-23-
oxoazadirone(18)。其中化合物 2 为新化合物,化
合物 3为新天然产物。
1 仪器与材料
Waters 2535Q 半制备高效液相色谱仪(美国
Waters 公司),Waters 2489 双通道紫外可见光检测
器(美国 Waters 公司),Bruker AVANCE III 400 型
核磁共振波谱仪(瑞士 Bruker 公司),AmaZon SL
离子阱电喷雾质谱仪(德国 Bruker Daltonics 公司)。
正相硅胶(100~200 目)为青岛海洋化工厂产品,
反相硅胶(C18)为日本 YMC 公司产品,乙腈、甲
醇为色谱纯(德国 Merck 公司),其他试剂均为分
析纯。
Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk) M. Roem. 种子
于2007年9月采集于印度安德拉邦哥达瓦里河红树
林湿地。由 Tirumani Satyanandamurty(Government
Degree College at Amadala valasa , Srikakulam
District,Andhra Pradesh,India)鉴定。样品标本(No.
Indian XM-03)保存于暨南大学药学院海洋药物研
究中心。
2 提取与分离
干燥的 X. moluccensis 种子 8.7 kg,粉碎后用
95%的乙醇室温下浸提 5 次,每次浸泡 48 h。提取
液合并减压浓缩得到粗浸膏 750 g。粗浸膏加水混
悬,继而用醋酸乙酯萃取 5 次,减压浓缩得醋酸乙
酯萃取部分 198 g。醋酸乙酯萃取物(198 g)经正
相硅胶(100~200 目)柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(100∶
0→5∶1)梯度洗脱,共得到 127 个流分。通过薄层
色谱和高效液相色谱等手段分析后合并 47~62 流
分(66.2 g),经反相硅胶柱色谱,乙腈-水(50∶50→
100∶0)梯度洗脱,得到 132 个流分。其中流分 21
经 HPLC 分离制备得到化合物 1(255.5 mg)、3(1.5
mg)、4(73.5 mg)、5(20.1 mg)、15(13.7 mg)、
17(38.0 mg)。流分 28 经 HPLC 分离制备得到化合
物 2(0.6 mg)、6(1.5 mg)、7(2.2 mg)、8(7.4 mg)、
9(1.8 mg)、10(3.4 mg)、11(4.1 mg)、12(1.8 mg)、
13(3.8 mg)、14(1.1 mg)、16(12.8 mg)、18(3.0 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 535.04
[M+Na]+,分子式为 C29H36O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.17 (1H, m, H-2), 5.01 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz,
H-3), 3.23 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 4.0 Hz, H-5), 2.39 (1H,
overlap, H-6a), 2.38 (1H, overlap, H-6b), 2.07 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.79 (1H, overlap, H-11α), 1.80 (1H, overlap,
H-11β), 1.13 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.81 (1H, overlap,
H-12β), 3.47 (1H, dt, J = 20.8, 2.8 Hz, H-15α), 3.79
(1H, d, J = 20.8 Hz, H-15β), 5.71 (1H, s, H-17), 1.09
(3H, s, H-18), 1.17 (3H, s, H-19), 7.58 (1H, brs,
H-21), 6.50 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.43 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.82
(3H, s, H-28), 0.74 (3H, s, H-29), 2.15 (1H, dd, J =
15.2, 5.6 Hz, H-30α), 2.84 (1H, dd, J = 15.2, 2.5 Hz,
H-30β), 3.73 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 2.20 (3H, s, H-2′);
13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 218.0 (C-1), 52.3
(C-2), 78.4 (C-3), 38.3 (C-4), 48.0 (C-5), 33.4 (C-6),
174.3 (C-7), 131.8 (C-8), 40.9 (C-9), 53.0 (C-10), 18.8
(C-11), 29.2 (C-12), 38.1 (C-13), 127.8 (C-14), 33.5
(C-15), 170.4 (C-16), 80.7 (C-17), 21.3 (C-18), 16.8
(C-19), 120.6 (C-20), 141.8 (C-21), 110.0 (C-22),
142.9 (C-23), 23.2 (C-28), 18.0 (C-29), 33.4 (C-30),
52.1 (7-OCH3), 169.9 (C-1′), 20.5 (C-2′)。以上数据与
文献报道一致[6],故鉴定化合物 1为 fissinolide。
化合物 2:白色无定形粉末。[α]25D −90° (c 0.043,
MeOH)。 MeOHmaxUV λ (nm): 212。ESI-MS m/z: 549.08
[M+Na]+;HR-ESI-MS m/z: 549.246 7 [M+Na]+
(C30H38NaO8+,计算值为 549.246 4),确定其分子
式为 C30H38O8,由此可见该化合物的不饱和度为
12。NMR 数据(表 1)表明其中 7 个不饱和度来源
于 4 个羰基(包括 1 个酮羰基和 3 个酯羰基)和 3
个碳碳双键,因此,该化合物的化学结构中应有 5
个环系。由 DEPT 谱可知该化合物含有 6 个甲基(1
个甲氧基、4 个柠檬苦素母核上的甲基和 1 个取代
基上的甲基),6 个亚甲基,8 个次甲基(其中,3
个为烯碳次甲基,且 2 个与 O 相连)和 10 个季碳
(包括 1 个酮羰基、3 个酯羰基、3 个烯碳季碳)。化
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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合物 2的 NMR 数据(表 1)与 fissinolide(1)类似,
两者的区别仅在于 C-3 位的取代基不同。Fissinolide
的 C-3 位为乙酰氧基取代,而化合物 2则被丙酰氧
基 [δH 2.47 (2H, q, J = 7.6 Hz, H-2′), 1.22 (3H, t, J =
8.4 Hz, H-3′);δC 173.9 (C-1′), 28.0 (C-2′), 9.4 (C-3′)]
取代。1H-1H COSY 谱上 H-2′与 H-3′的相关以及
HMBC 谱上 H-2′与 C-1′、H-3′与 C-1′相关证明了以
上推断。H-3 与 C-1′的 HMBC 远程相关也进一步证
实丙酰氧基连在 C-3 上(表 1、图 1)。H-3 与 H-29
之间明显的 NOE 相关信号表明 H-3 为 α 构型,而
与 C-3 相连的丙酰氧基则为 β 构型。H-3/H-2、
H-9/H-18、H-9/H-19 的 NOE 相关信号表明 H-2、
H-9、H-18、H-19 为 α 构型,而 H-17 与 H-11β、H-12β
之间的 NOE 相关信号证实 H-17 为 β 构型,由以上
数据可推断化合物 2与化合物 1的相对立体构型相
同。化合物 2的比旋光度与化合物 1([α]25D −57°)[6]
同为负值,亦佐证了上述推断。因此,化合物 2被
鉴定为 1 个新化合物,命名为 3-propanoyl-
proceranolide。
化合物 3:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
表 1 化合物 2的 1H/13C-NMR (400/100 MHz, CDCl3) 数据、1H-1H COSY相关和 HMBC相关
Table 1 1H/13C-NMR (400/100 MHz, CDCl3) data, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC correlations for compound 2
碳位 δH δC 1H-1H COSY HMBC
1 218.1
2 3.15 (1H, m) 48.1 3, 30
3 5.01 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz) 78.2 2 C-4, 5, 1′
4 38.4
5 3.24 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 3.6 Hz) 40.4 6
6 2.39 (1H, s) 33.3 5, 6b
2.38 (1H, d, J = 6.0 Hz) 5, 6a
7 174.3
8 131.8
9 2.07 1H, (m) 52.1 11
10 53.0
11 1.79 (2H, m) 18.8 9, 12
12 1.13 (1H, m) 29.1 11, 12β
1.78 (1H, m) 11, 12α
13 38.1
14 127.8
15 3.46 (1H, dt, J = 20.8, 2.8 Hz), 3.78 (1H, overlapped) 33.5 15β, 15α
16 170.3
17 5.70 (1H, s) 80.7 C-18, 20, 21, 22
18 1.09 (3H, s) 17.4 C-12, 14, 17
19 1.18 (3H, s) 16.7 C-1, 5, 9, 10
20 120.6
21 7.58 (1H, brs) 141.8 22, 23 C-17, 21, 23
22 6.50 (1H, brs) 110.0 21, 23 C-21, 23
23 7.43 (1H, brs) 142.9 21, 22
28 0.83 (3H, s) 23.2 C-3, 4, 5, 29
29 0.74 (3H, s) 20.5 C-3, 4, 5, 28
30 2.15 (1H, overlapped) 33.4 2, 30β C-1, 8
2.84 (1H, dd, J = 15.2, 2.0 Hz) 2, 30α
7-OCH3 3.73 (3H, s) 52.1
1′ 173.9
2′ 2.47 (2H, q, J = 7.6 Hz) 28.0 3′ C-1′, 3′
3′ 1.22 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz) 9.4 2′ C-1′, 2′
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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O
O
O
O
O
O
MeO2C
H
COSY
HMBC
1
2
34
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
30
28
29
1′
2′
3′
H
图 1 化合物 2的主要 1H-1H COSY和 HMBC相关
Fig. 1 Key 1H-1H COSY and HMBC correlations of
compound 2
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 491.10 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C27H32O7。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 数据与化合
物 angustidienolide 类似,两者的区别仅在于 C-3 位
的取代基不同,angustidienolide 的 C-3 位为乙酰氧
基取代,而化合物 3中 C-3 位由羟基取代。该化合
物结构已见文献报道[7],是由 angustidienolide C-3
位酯键水解得到的人工产物,水解后 C-3 位的质子
信号由 δ 4.91 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz) 迁移到了 δ 4.12
(1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz),本实验中 C-3 位的质子信号现
于 δ 3.91 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz)。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.04 (1H, t, J = 6.4 Hz, H-2), 3.91 (1H, d,
J = 6.8 Hz, H-3), 2.84 (1H, t, J = 5.6 Hz, H-5), 2.27
(1H, overlap, H-6a), 2.27 (1H, overlap, H-6b), 2.26
(1H, m, H-11α), 2.56 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.49 (1H, m,
H-12α), 1.63 (1H, m, H-12β), 5.90 (1H, s, H-15), 5.13
(1H, s, H-17), 1.11 (3H, s, H-18), 1.18 (3H, s, H-19),
7.52 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.47 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.46 (1H,
brs, H-23), 1.00 (3H, s, H-28), 1.02 (3H, s, H-29),
2.51 (1H, m, H-30α), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 16.8 Hz,
H-30β), 3.71 (3H, s, 7-OCH3)。根据以上数据鉴定化
合物 3为 3β-hydroxyangustidienolide。
化合物 4:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 535.09
[M+Na]+,分子式为 C29H36O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.52 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 8.0 Hz, H-2), 4.76
(1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, H-3), 3.38 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 4.4 Hz,
H-5), 2.38 (1H, s, H-6a), 2.39 (1H, d, J = 3.4 Hz,
H-6b), 2.25 (1H, m, H-9), 1.67 (1H, m, H-11α), 2.14
(1H, m, H-11β), 1.43 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.67 (1H, m,
H-12β), 2.25 (1H, m, H-14), 2.95 (1H, dd, J = 18.4,
5.6 Hz, H-15α), 2.86 (1H, d, J = 18.4 Hz, H-15β), 5.73
(1H, s, H-17), 1.10 (3H, s, H-18), 1.16 (3H, s, H-19),
7.82 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.48 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.44 (1H,
brs, H-23), 0.84 (3H, s, H-28), 0.81 (3H, s, H-29),
5.37 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-30), 3.74 (3H, s, 7-OCH3),
2.11 (3H, s, H-2′);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
217.0 (C-1), 48.4 (C-2), 77.5 (C-3), 38.1 (C-4), 41.6
(C-5), 33.6 (C-6), 174.1 (C-7), 138.4 (C-8), 56.4
(C-9), 49.9 (C-10), 20.5 (C-11), 34.4 (C-12), 36.8
(C-13), 45.2 (C-14), 45.2 (C-15), 169.6 (C-16), 77.4
(C-17), 22.1 (C-18), 15.9 (C-19), 120.7 (C-20), 141.9
(C-21), 109.8 (C-22), 142.9 (C-23), 22.5 (C-28), 20. 4
(C-29), 120.7 (C-30), 52.2 (7-OCH3), 170.9 (C-1′),
20.4 (C-2′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故鉴定化
合物 4为 3β-acetoxy-6-deoxy-swietenine。
化合物 5:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 575.10
[M+Na]+,分子式为 C32H40O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.55 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 7.6 Hz, H-2), 4.85
(1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, H-3), 3.48 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 3.2 Hz,
H-5), 2.39 (2H, m, H-6), 2.21 (1H, m, H-9), 1.65 (1H,
m, H-11α), 1.65 (1H, m, H-11β), 2.10 (1H, m, H-12α),
1.42 (1H, m, H-12β), 2.25 (1H, overlap, H-14), 2.87
(1H, dd, J = 18.8, 6.4 Hz, H-15α), 2.83 (1H, d, J =
18.8 Hz, H-15β), 5.65 (1H, s, H-17), 1.10 (3H, s,
H-18), 1.17 (3H, s, H-19), 7.85 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.49
(1H, brs, H-22), 7.44 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.83 (3H, s,
H-28), 0.86 (3H, s, H-29), 5.34 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz,
H-30), 3.74 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 6.94 (1H, q, J = 7.2 Hz,
H-3′), 1.75 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-4′), 1.84 (3H, s,
H-5′);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 217.3 (C-1),
48.8 (C-2), 77.1 (C-3), 38.6 (C-4), 41.3 (C-5), 32.9
(C-6), 174.1 (C-7), 138.5 (C-8), 56.8 (C-9), 49.8
(C-10), 20.7 (C-11), 34.5 (C-12), 37.0 (C-13), 45.2
(C-14), 30.0 (C-15), 168.9 (C-16), 76.6 (C-17), 21.7
(C-18), 15.8 (C-19), 120.8 (C-20), 141.9 (C-21), 109.7
(C-22), 143.0 (C-23), 22.7 (C-28), 20.2 (C-29), 123.1
(C-30), 52.2 (7-OCH3), 167.1 (C-1′), 127.5 (C-2′),
139.6 (C-3′), 14.1 (C-4′), 11.8 (C-5′)。以上数据和文
献报道一致[9],故鉴定化合物 5为 febrifugin。
化合物 6:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 561.09
[M+Na]+,分子式为 C31H38O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.56 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 7.2 Hz, H-2), 4.85
(1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, H-3), 3.50 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 3.2 Hz,
H-5), 2.40 (1H, brs, H-6a), 2.42 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz,
H-6b), 2.24 (1H, m, H-9), 1.66 (1H, m, H-11α), 2.10
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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(1H, m, H-11β), 1.42 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.66 (1H, m,
H-12β), 2.24 (1H, m, H-14), 2.90 (1H, dd, J = 19.2,
6.4 Hz, H-15α), 2.78 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, H-15β), 5.66
(1H, s, H-17), 1.11 (3H, s, H-18), 1.18 (3H, s, H-19),
7.82 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.48 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.44 (1H,
brs, H-23), 0.84 (3H, s, H-28), 0.87 (3H, s, H-29),
5.37 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-30), 3.74 (3H, s, 7-OCH3),
5.62 (1H, brs, H-3′), 6.20 (1H, s, H-3′), 1.97 (3H, s,
H-4′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[10],故鉴定化合物
6为 granatumin I。
化合物 7:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 549.09
[M+Na]+,分子式为 C30H38O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 3.53 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz, H-2), 4.78
(1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, H-3), 3.41 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 4.0 Hz,
H-5), 2.43 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-6a), 2.39 (1H, d, J =
5.2 Hz, H-6b), 2.25 (1H, m, H-9), 1.67 (1H, m,
H-11α), 2.16 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.43 (1H, m, H-12α),
1.67 (1H, m, H-12β), 2.25 (1H, m, H-14), 2.92 (1H,
dd, J = 18.4, 6.0 Hz, H-15α), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz,
H-15β), 5.72 (1H, s, H-17), 1.11 (3H, s, H-18), 1.17
(3H, s, H-19), 7.82 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.49 (1H, brs,
H-22), 7.44 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.84 (3H, s, H-28), 0.81
(3H, s, H-29), 5.38 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-30), 3.74
(3H, s, 7-OCH3), 2.39 (2H, q, J = 15.2, 7.6 Hz, H-2′),
1.45 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, H-3′);13C-NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 217.2 (C-1), 48.6 (C-2), 77.3 (C-3), 38.3
(C-4), 41.5 (C-5), 32.9 (C-6), 174.2 (C-7), 138.4 (C-8),
56.4 (C-9), 49.9 (C-10), 20.5 (C-11), 34.4 (C-12), 36.7
(C-13), 45.2 (C-14), 30.0 (C-15), 169.7 (C-16), 77.3
(C-17), 20.4 (C-18), 15.8 (C-19), 120.7 (C-20), 141.9
(C-21), 109.8 (C-22), 142.9 (C-23), 22.5 (C-28), 22.0
(C-29), 122.9 (C-30), 52.2 (7-OCH3), 174.1 (C-1′),
27.1 (C-2′), 8.9 (C-3′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[11],
故鉴定化合物 7 为 3-de (2-methylbutanoyl)-3-
propanoylcipadesin。
化合物 8:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 563.06 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C31H40O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.52 (1H,
dd, J = 8.8, 7.6 Hz, H-2), 4.78 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz,
H-3), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz, H-5), 2.38 (1H, s,
H-6a), 2.39 (1H, d, J = 4.4 Hz, H-6b), 2.25 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.68 (1H, m, H-11α), 2.11 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.42
(1H, m, H-12α), 1.68 (1H, m, H-12β), 2.91 (1H, dd,
J = 18.4, 6.0 Hz, H-15α), 2.81 (1H, d, J = 18.4 Hz,
H-15β), 5.71 (1H, s, H-17), 1.11 (3H, s, H-18), 1.17
(3H, s, H-19), 7.82 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.48 (1H, brs,
H-22), 7.43 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.81 (3H, s, H-28), 0.84
(3H, s, H-29), 5.34 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-30), 3.74
(3H, s, 7-OCH3), 2.65 (1H, m, H-2′), 1.18 (3H, d, J =
7.2 Hz, H-3′);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 217.1
(C-1), 48.7 (C-2), 77.1 (C-3), 38.6 (C-4), 41.4 (C-5),
33.0 (C-6), 174.0 (C-7), 138.5 (C-8), 56.7 (C-9), 49.9
(C-10), 20.6 (C-11), 34.5 (C-12), 36.9 (C-13), 45.2
(C-14), 29.9 (C-15), 169.5 (C-16), 77.1 (C-17), 21.9
(C-18), 15.8 (C-19), 120.7 (C-20), 142.0 (C-21), 109.8
(C-22), 143.0 (C-23), 22.4 (C-28), 20.5 (C-29), 122.8
(C-30), 52.2 (7-OCH3), 176.6 (C-1′), 33.8 (C-2′), 18.6
(C-3′), 19.1 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[10],故
鉴定化合物 8为 granatumin H。
化合物 9:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 573.07 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C32H38O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.77 (1H,
m, H-2), 4.95 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, H-3), 3.37 (1H, dd,
J = 9.6, 2.0 Hz, H-5), 2.42 (1H, dd, J = 16.8, 10.0 Hz,
H-6a), 2.35 (1H, dd, J = 16.8, 2.0 Hz, H-6b), 2.29
(1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-9), 1.78 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.51
(1H, m, H-11β), 1.31 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.78 (1H, m,
H-12β), 6.18 (1H, s, H-15), 5.18 (1H, s, H-17), 1.06
(3H, s, H-18), 1.22 (3H, s, H-19), 7.53 (1H, brs,
H-21), 6.50 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.46 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.85
(3H, s, H-28), 0.82 (3H, s, H-29), 6.28 (1H, dd, J =
6.0, 2.8 Hz, H-30), 3.72 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 7.04 (1H, m,
H-3′), 1.93 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-4′), 1.95 (3H, brs,
H-5′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[12],故鉴定化合物
9为 tigloylseneganolide A。
化合物 10:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z:
579.11 [M+Na]+,分子式为 C31H40O9。1H-NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.59 (1H, dd, J = 9.6, 2.4 Hz, H-2),
5.11 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz, H-3), 3.80 (1H, dd, J = 7.8,
3.6 Hz, H-5), 2.37 (2H, m, H-6), 1.96 (1H, m, H-9),
1.97 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.95 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.21 (1H,
m, H-12α), 1.98 (1H, m, H-12β), 1.62 (1H, m, H-14),
2.81 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 4.8 Hz, H-15α), 3.72 (1H, dd,
J = 15.2, 14.8 Hz, H-15β), 5.20 (1H, s, H-17), 1.04
(3H, s, H-18), 1.10 (3H, s, H-19), 7.50 (1H, brs,
H-21), 6.48 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.45 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.84
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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(3H, s, H-28), 0.82 (3H, s, H-29), 3.34 (1H, d, J = 2.4
Hz, H-30), 2.76 (1H, m, H-2′), 1.28 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz,
H-3′), 1.30 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 214.3 (C-1), 48.9 (C-2), 77.2 (C-3),
39.4 (C-4), 42.6 (C-5), 33.2 (C-6), 174.2 (C-7), 60.7
(C-8), 55.9 (C-9), 48.3 (C-10), 19.4 (C-11), 33.4
(C-12), 36.4 (C-13), 45.9 (C-14), 34.0 (C-15), 172.0
(C-16), 78.8 (C-17), 26.4 (C-18), 15.9 (C-19), 120.1
(C-20), 141.0 (C-21), 110.3 (C-22), 143.1 (C-23), 21.0
(C-28), 22.5 (C-29), 63.4 (C-30), 52.4 (7-OCH3),
176.1 (C-1′), 34.2 (C-2′), 19.5 (C-3′), 19.0 (C-4′)。以
上数据与文献报道一致[13],故鉴定化合物 10 为
ruageanin A。
化合物 11:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 591.07 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C32H40O9。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.66 (1H,
dd, J = 9.2, 2.4 Hz, H-2), 5.06 (1H, d, J = 9.2 Hz,
H-3), 3.34 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 3.2 Hz, H-5), 2.38 (1H,
overlap, H-6a), 2.38 (1H, overlap, H-6b), 1.82 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.82 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.82 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.22
(1H, m, H-12α), 1.82 (1H, m, H-12β), 1.58 (1H, dd,
J = 14.0, 4.8 Hz, H-14), 2.78 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 4.8
Hz, H-15α), 3.59 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 14.4 Hz, H-15β),
5.18 (1H, s, H-17), 1.02 (3H, s, H-18), 1.10 (3H, s,
H-19), 7.50 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.46 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.45
(1H, brs, H-23), 0.85 (3H, s, H-28), 0.86 (3H, s,
H-29), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz, H-30), 3.77 (3H, s,
7-OCH3), 7.05 (1H, m, H-3′), 1.96 (3H, overlap, H-4′),
1.96 (3H, overlap, H-5′)。以上数据与文献报道一
致[14],故鉴定化合物 11为 swietemahonolide。
化合物 12:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z:
575.08 [M+Na]+,分子式为 C32H40O8。1H-NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.24 (1H, m, H-2), 4.86 (1H, d, J =
9.6 Hz, H-3), 3.38 (1H, dd, J = 10.0, 3.2 Hz, H-5),
2.41 (1H, brs, H-6a), 2.44 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz, H-6b),
2.08 (1H, m, H-9), 1.72 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.72 (1H, m,
H-11β), 1.12 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.72 (1H, m, H-12β),
3.30 (1H, dt, J = 21.2, 3.2 Hz, H-15α), 3.67 (1H, d, J =
21.2 Hz, H-15β), 5.57 (1H, s, H-17), 1.05 (3H, s,
H-18), 1.19 (3H, s, H-19), 7.59 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.50
(1H, brs, H-22), 7.44 (1H, brs, H-23), 0.84 (3H, s,
H-28), 0.80 (3H, s, H-29), 2.09 (1H, m, H-30α), 2.70
(1H, dd, J = 15.2, 2.0 Hz, H-30β), 3.75 (3H, s, 7-
OCH3), 6.99 (1H, m, H-3′), 1.86 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz,
H-4′), 1.92 (3H, s, H-5′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[15],
鉴定化合物 12为 khayasin T。
化合物 13:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 573.10 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C32H38O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.87 (1H, d,
J = 6.3 Hz, H-2), 4.84 (1H, dd, J = 6.4, 2.0 Hz, H-3),
3.84 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 5.0 Hz, H-5), 3.90 (1H, dd, J =
16.0, 2.2 Hz, H-6a), 2.55 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 12.8 Hz,
H-6b), 2.70 (1H, brd, J = 6.0 Hz, H-9), 1.66 (1H, m,
H-11α), 1.92 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.06 (1H, dt, J = 13.6,
3.6 Hz, H-12α), 1.35 (1H, brt, J = 14.0 Hz, H-12β),
3.11 (1H, brs, H-15α), 3.11 (1H, brs, H-15β), 5.47
(1H, s, H-17), 1.13 (3H, s, H-18), 1.01 (3H, s, H-19),
7.58 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.50 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.43 (1H,
brs, H-23), 1.17 (3H, s, H-28), 2.06 (1H, d, J = 17.6
Hz, H-29α), 2.45 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, H-29β), 5.89
(1H, brs, H-30), 3.76 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 7.33 (1H, q,
J = 6.8 Hz, H-3′), 1.75 (3H, q, J = 7.2 Hz, H-4′), 1.80
(3H, s, H-5′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[16],故鉴定
化合物 13为 andhraxylocarpin D。
化合物 14:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 577.10 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C32H42O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.16 (1H,
m, H-2), 4.92 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-3), 3.80 (1H,
overlap, H-5), 2.36 (2H, overlap, H-6), 1.95 (1H, m,
H-8), 1.74 (1H, m, H-9), 2.36 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.62
(1H, m, H-11β), 1.22 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.62 (1H, m,
H-12β), 1.90 (1H, m, H-14), 2.95 (1H, dd, J = 18.8,
7.2 Hz, H-15α), 2.35 (1H, overlap, H-15β), 5.84 (1H,
s, H-17), 1.00 (3H, s, H-18), 1.11 (3H, s, H-19), 7.75
(1H, brs, H-21), 6.49 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.46 (1H, brs,
H-23), 0.87 (3H, s, H-28), 0.82 (3H, s, H-29), 1.73
(1H, m, H-30α), 2.88 (1H, dd, J = 14.0, 7.2 Hz,
H-30β), 3.77 (3H, s, 7-OCH3), 6.89 (1H, m, H-3′),
1.78 (3H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-4′), 1.85 (3H, s, H-5′)。以上
数据与文献报道一致 [17],故鉴定化合物 14 为
granatumin D。
化合物 15:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z:
461.05 [M+Na]+,分子式为 C26H30O6。1H-NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.10 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-1), 5.93
(1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-2), 2.94 (1H, t, J = 14.4 Hz,
H-5), 2.24 (1H, brd, J = 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 2.18 (1H, dd,
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46卷 第 15期 2015年 8月
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J = 14.7, 3.0 Hz, H-6b), 2.41 (1H, brd, J = 13.6 Hz,
H-9), 2.02 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.89 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.50
(1H, m, H-12α), 1.80 (1H, m, H-12β), 3.89 (1H, s,
H-15), 5.49 (1H, s, H-17), 1.37 (3H, s, H-18), 1.24
(3H, s, H-19), 7.43 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.38 (1H, brs,
H-22), 7.41 (1H, brs, H-23), 1.16 (3H, s, H-28), 1.15
(3H, s, H-29), 1.17 (3H, s, H-30);13C-NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 156.0 (C-1), 126.4 (C-2), 203.3
(C-3), 45.2 (C-4), 54.6 (C-5), 36.7 (C-6), 208.2 (C-7),
53.6 (C-8), 47.6 (C-9), 39.6 (C-10), 17.2 (C-11), 32.2
(C-12), 37.7 (C-13), 65.6 (C-14), 53.4 (C-15), 166.9
(C-16), 78.0 (C-17), 20.9 (C-18), 19.8 (C-19), 120.2
(C-20), 141.0 (C-21), 109.8 (C-22), 143.1 (C-23), 20.9
(C-28), 20.7 (C-29), 17.4 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报
道 一 致 [18] , 故 鉴 定 化 合 物 15 为 7-oxo-7-
deacetoxygenunin。
化合物 16:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z:
505.09 [M+Na]+,分子式为 C28H34O7。1H-NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.11 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-1), 5.87
(1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-2), 2.20 (1H, dd, J = 13.2, 2.4
Hz, H-5), 1.81 (2H, m, H-6), 4.57 (1H, s, H-7), 2.51
(1H, dd, J = 12.4, 6.0 Hz, H-9), 1.96 (1H, m, H-11α),
1.70 (1H, m, H-11β), 2.02 (2H, m, H-12), 3.55 (1H, s,
H-15), 1.88 (2H, m, H-16), 5.64 (1H, s, H-17), 1.27
(3H, s, H-18), 1.17 (3H, s, H-19), 7.43 (1H, brs,
H-21), 6.36 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.42 (1H, brs, H-23), 1.09
(3H, s, H-28), 1.08 (3H, s, H-29), 1.24 (3H, s, H-30),
2.13 (3H, s, H-2′);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
157.0 (C-1), 126.0 (C-2), 204.0 (C-3), 44.1 (C-4), 46.0
(C-5), 23.3 (C-6), 73.2 (C-7), 42.6 (C-8), 39.5 (C-9),
40.0 (C-10), 15.0 (C-11), 26.0 (C-12), 38.7 (C-13),
69.8 (C-14), 56.9 (C-15), 167.5 (C-16), 78.3 (C-17),
17.7 (C-18), 19.8 (C-19), 120.4 (C-20), 143.1 (C-21),
109.9 (C-22), 141.2 (C-23), 27.2 (C-28), 21.2 (C-29),
18.3 (C-30), 169.9 (C-1′), 21.1 (C-2′)。以上数据与文
献报道一致[19],故鉴定化合物 16为 gedunin。
化合物 17:白色无定形粉末,易溶于氯仿、丙
酮。ESI-MS m/z: 493.08 [M+Na]+,分子式为
C27H34O7。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.54 (1H,
dd, J = 6.4, 4.0 Hz, H-1), 2.51 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 4.0
Hz, H-2α), 2.94 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 6.0 Hz, H-2β), 2.90
(1H, overlap, H-5), 2.29 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz, H-6a),
2.64 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 10.4 Hz, H-6b), 2.19 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.59 (1H, m, H-11α), 2.20 (1H, m, H-11β), 1.18
(1H, m, H-12α), 1.92 (1H, m, H-12β), 2.57 (1H, d, J =
18.0 Hz, H-15α), 2.96 (1H, d, J = 18.0 Hz, H-15β),
5.68 (1H, s, H-17), 0.88 (3H, s, H-18), 0.96 (3H, s,
H-19), 7.45 (1H, brs, H-21), 6.40 (1H, brs, H-22), 7.40
(1H, brs, H-23), 1.06 (3H, s, H-28), 1.21 (3H, s,
H-29), 4.91 (1H, s, H-30α), 5.17 (1H, s, H-30β), 3.73
(3H, s, 7-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 77.2
(C-1), 39.4 (C-2), 212.8 (C-3), 48.0 (C-4), 42.9 (C-5),
32.7 (C-6), 173.9 (C-7), 145.8 (C-8), 49.9 (C-9), 33.8
(C-10), 23.7 (C-11), 29.3 (C-12), 41.4 (C-13), 80.2
(C-14), 33.8 (C-15), 170.1 (C-16), 79.6 (C-17), 13.8
(C-18), 21.6 (C-19), 120.8 (C-20), 140.8 (C-21), 109.9
(C-22), 142.8 (C-23), 25.8 (C-28), 21.5 (C-29), 111.6
(C-30) 52.1 (7-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[20],
故鉴定化合物 17为 methyl angolensa。
化合物 18:白色无定形粉末。ESI-MS m/z:
477.08 [M+Na]+,分子式为 C28H38O5。1H-NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.15 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz, H-1), 5.87
(1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz, H-2), 2.23 (1H, m, H-5), 1.93
(1H, m, H-6a), 1.75 (1H, m, H-6b), 5.26 (1H, m,
H-7), 2.23 (1H, m, H-9), 1.75 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.92
(1H, m, H-11β), 1.58 (1H, m, H-12α), 1.75 (1H, m,
H-12β), 5.32 (1H, m, H-15), 2.23 (1H, m, H-16α),
2.06 (1H, m, H-16β), 1.75 (1H, m, H-17), 1.04 (3H,
s, H-18), 1.20 (3H, s, H-19), 2.72 (1H, m, H-20),
4.49 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, H-21α), 3.94 (1H, t, J = 8.8
Hz, H-21β), 2.53 (1H, dd, J = 17.2, 8.0 Hz, H-22α),
2.23 (1H, m, H-22β), 1.20 (3H, s, H-28), 1.10 (3H, s,
H-29), 1.10 (3H, s, H-30)。以上数据与文献报道一
致[21],故鉴定化合物18为20,21,22,23-tetrahydro-23-
oxoazadirone。
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