全 文 :Leafepidermalfeaturesof21medicinalplantsofEuonymusinChina
ZHANGYifeng,HEPing,ZHANGChunping,HEJunxing
(KeyLaboratoryofEcoenvironmentsofThreeGorgesReservoirRegionMinistryofEducation,Schoolof
LifeScience,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing400715,China)
[Abstract] Objective:ToaccumulatetaxonomicdataoftheleafepidermalfeaturesofthemedicinalspeciesofEuonymus.
Method:Twentninematerialsof21taxa(including16species,4varietiesand1form)representing5sectionsofEuonymusareex
aminedbyusingbothoflightmicroscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopy.Result:TheformofepidermalcelsinEuonymusisusual
lypolygonaloriregular.ThestomatawereanomocyticinalthespeciesexaminedexceptE.maackiandE.bungeanusvar.semiper
sistens.Stomataltypesofalspeciesstudiedmaybeanomocytic,anisocytic,cycolocyticorthetransitionaltypesamongthem.Conclu
sion:Theresultsshowthatsomecharacteristics(includingcuticularmembrane,shapeofguardcels,innermarginofouterstomatal
rim,outerstomatalrimandstomatatype)oftheleafepidermiscanprovidesomeanatomicalevidencefortheclassification.Thechar
acteristicsofleafepidermissupportfolowingtreatments:E.acanthocarpusvar.longipes,E.acanthocarpusvar.scandensandE.ac
anthocarpusvar.sutchuanensisshouldbemergedintoE.acanthocarpus;E.bungeanusvar.semipersistensshouldbemergedintoE.
maacki;E.hamiltonianusf.lanceifoliusshouldbemergedintoE.hamiltonianus.
[Keywords] Euonymus;medicinalplants;leafepidermis;stomatalapparatus;identification
[Accepteddate] 20080901
[Authorforcorrespondence] HePing,Prof.Email:He
ping196373@126.com.
[Author] ZhangYifeng,Ph.D.,interestedintheresearchofconser
vationofmedicinalplants.Email:zhangyifeng_007@163.com.
EuonymusL.isagenusofdeciduousorever
green,shrubsorshrublikeplants(ascendingorclimb
ingstemwithadventitiousrootsonothertreesorrocks
whenavailable)consistingof129speciesdistributedin
alovertheworld,primarilyinAsia[1],morethan100
speciesarefoundinChinaMedicaluses(especialy
intraditionalChinesemedicine)ofthespeciesfrom
EuonymushavealonghistoryThespeciesfromthis
genuscontainabundanttypesofmedicinalingredients,
suchassesquiterpenes[23],flavonoids[4],triterpenes
[5],steroids[6],cardiacglycoside[7],andsoon.
Pharmacologicalactionsofthoseconstituentsfrom
plantsofEuonymusincludingefectsofantitumor,an
tithrombotic,hypoglycemic,reducingbloodlipid,an
tiinflammatory,analgesia,antiAIDS,immunosup
pressionandinsecticidalactivity[8].
Scientificand systematicclassification isthe
premiseconditionofutilizationofwildmedicineplant
resources.Sometimes,itisverydificulttorecognize
speciesfromitsrelativespeciesaccuratelybasedon
grossmorphology.Misusedofmaterialsintraditional
Chinesemedicinemayleadtoseriousconsequences.It
isverynecessarytoaccumulatemicroscopictaxonomic
dataofmedicinalplantsfromthisgenus.Ithasbeen
repeatedlyconfirmedthatleafepidermalfeaturescan
helptoelucidatetaxonomicrelationshipsatdiferent
levels[912].However,theleafepidermisofEuonymus
hasbeenlitleexamined.Thepurposeofthisstudyis
tofindsignificanttaxonomiccharactersoftheleafepi
dermisforabeterunderstandingofthegenusandto
providesomereferencesforidentificationofmedicinal
plantsfromEuonymus.
1 MaterialandMethods
Matureleavesof21plantsfromChina,represen
tingalfivesectionswithinthegenus,areinvestigated
underlightmicroscope(LM)andscanningelectron
microscope(SEM).Alofthesamplesareobtained
fromthesouthwestuniversityofChina(SWU).Al
voucherspecimensaredepositedinSWU.Species
identifiers:ProfessorHePingandDengHongping
(southwestuniversityofChina).
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ThematerialsforLMstudyareboiledinwaterbe
forebeingmaceratedin20% NaClOsolution.Pieces
ofleafepidermisarestainedinasolutionof1% safra
nin(in50% alcohol)beforebeingmountedonmicro
scopeslides.Tochecktheconstancyofepidermal
structure,atleastfiveslidesaremadefromdiferent
partsofasingleleaforfromdiferentleavesofthe
samespecies.Thestomatalindexiscalculatedusing
formulaS/(E+S)100%.ThematerialsforSEM
oberservationarerinsedin75% alcoholsolutionbefore
beingsputercoatedwithgoldpaladiumusingaHita
chiE1010.ObservationsaremadeusingaHitachiS
30000Nscanningelectronmicroscopeat18kV.The
sectionalsystemofclassificationofCheng[13]isfol
lowed.TheterminologyfolowedthatofWilkinson[14]
andofDilcher[15].
2 Results
Thestomataexistedonabaxialepidermisinthe
speciesexaminedhere.Leafepidermalcelswereusu
alypolygonalinshapeofalspeciesexceptinE.ver
rucosoides.Thepaternsofanticlinalwalswereslightly
straight,repandorsinuate.Stomataltypesmaybe
anomocytic,anisocytic,cycolocyticorthetransitional
typesamongthem.Theoutlinesofthepairofguard
celsareusualynearlyroundedtowidelyelipticas
seeninsurfaceview,withlength/width(L/W)ratio
102156.Cuticularmembraneandouterstomatal
ledgearenealysmoothorerose.Outerstomatalrimare
raisedornot.Waxornamentation,ifpresent,isflake
likeorgranular.Thedetailcharacteristicsofleafepi
dermisinEuonymusunderLMandSEMaresumma
rizedinFig.1,Table1andTable2.
Table1 Species,localitiesandvouchersusedfortheleafepidermalstudiesinEuonymus
Taxa Locality Voucher
Sect.Ilicifolia Euonymustengyuehensis Lijiang,Yunnan W.C.Chen55360
E.tengyuehensis Ganzhi,Sichuan F.W.Shi457825
E.japonicus Beibei,Chongqing G.Q.He80001
E.japonicus Mt.Emei,Sichuan P.Heetal.81456
E.hederaceus Baoxing,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.4372
Sect.Echinococcus E.angustatus Mt.Emei,Sichuan W.P.Fang7356
E.angustatus Yuanjiang,Yunnan Q.RZhang07568
E.wilsoni Wuxi,Chongqing S.X.Guoetal.6342
E.chui Withoutpreciselocality S.X.Guoetal.00895
E.acanthocarpus Mt.Emei,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570452
E.acanthocarpusvar.longipes Nanchuang,Chongqing K.J.Shuetal.0660264
E.acanthocarpusvar.scandens Lijiang,Yunnan P.Heetal.81659
E.acanthocarpusvar.sutchuenensis Withoutpreciselocality W.P.Fang57896
Sect.Euonymus E.yunnanensis Withoutpreciselocality S.X.Guoetal.0026
E.yunnanensis Lijiang,Yunnan W.P.Fang680047
E.myrianthus Mt.Baita,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.14563
E.grandiflorus Mt.Emei,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570093
E.maacki Yunnan S.X.Guoetal.84064
E.bungeanusvar.semipersistens Lijiang,Yunnan W.P.Fang680126
E.hamiltonianus Mt.Jinyun,Chongqing W.P.Fang0003
E.hamiltonianusf.lanceifolius Qingyinge,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570064
Sect.Melanocarya E.verucosoides Mt.Emei,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570072
E.verucosoides Guilin,Guangxi S.W.Wangetal.0125
E.alatus Qingyinge,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570079
E.alatus Yunnan Q.RZhang07524
Sect.Uniloculares E.schensianus Withoutpreciselocality Y.F.Zhang0543
E.schensianus Daocheng,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.2277
E.giraldi Wenshan,Yunnan W.Wang426933
E.giraldi Mt.Emei,Sichuan S.X.Guoetal.570236
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1.Euonymustengyuehensis.2.E.tengyuehensis.3.E.japonicus.4.E.japonicus.5.E.hederaceus.6.E.angustatus.7.E.angustatus.8.E.
wilsoni.9.E.chui.10.E.acanthocarpus.11.E.acanthocarpusvar.longipes.12.E.acanthocarpusvar.scandens.13.E.acanthocarpusvar.
sutchuanensis.14.E.yunnanensis.15.E.yunnanensis.16.E.myrianthus.17.E.grandiflorus.18.E.maacki.19.E.bungeanusvar.semi
persistens.20.E.hamiltonianus.21.E.hamiltonianusf.lanceifolius.22.E.verucosoides.23.E.verucosoides.24.E.alatus.25.E.alatus.
26.E.schensianus.27.E.schensianus.28.E.giraldi.29.E.giraldi.Scalebar=50μmunderLM,Scalebar=10μmunderSEM.
Fig.1 Adaxialepidermisof29speciesunderboththelightmicroscope(A)andscanningelectronmicroscope(B)
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Table2 CharactersofleafepidermisofEuonymusunderLMandSEM
Taxa
Cuticular
membrane
Shape
of
guard
cels
Inner
margin
ofouter
stomatal
rim
Outer
stomatal
rim
Wax
ornamentation
Stomata
type
Sizeof
stomata/μm
Stomatal
index
Sect.Ilicifolia Euonymustengyuehensis smooth nrerose raised flakeslike ano 2633×2409 176
E.tengyuehensis smooth nrerose raised invisible ano 2568×2435 197
E.japonicus smooth nrerose raised Invisible cyc 3815×3709 183
E.japonicus smooth nrerose raised invisible cyc 3755×3652 167
E.hederaceus smooth nrerose raised invisible ano 3128×2553 213
Sect.EchinococcusE.angustatus smooth nrerose notraised granular ano 2602×2493 218
E.angustatus smooth nrerose notraised granular ano 2534×2476 158
E.wilsoni striate nrerose notraised invisible ani 2336×2129 123
E.chui smooth nrerose notraised granular ani 2723×2329 202
E.acanthocarpus smooth nrerose notraised granular ani 2553×2319 145
E.acanthocarpusvar.longipes smooth nrerose notraised granular ani 2633×2357 128
E.acanthocarpusvar.scandens smooth nrerose notraised granular ani 2598×2467 147
E.acanthocarpusvar.sutchuanensissmooth nrerose notraised granular ani 2497×2285 206
Sect.Euonymus E.yunnanensis smooth weerose notraised flakeslike ano 2838×2128 138
E.yunnanensis smooth weerose notraised invisible ano 2925×2237 127
E.myrianthus smooth nrerose notraised flakeslike ano 2954×2768 158
E.grandiflorus smooth weerose notraised granular ano 3297×2234 150
E.maacki striate wenearlysmoothraised invisible cyc 3023×2328 213
E.bungeanusvar.semipersistens striate wenearlysmoothraised invisible cyc 2835×2267 189
E.hamiltonianus smooth nrerose raised invisible cyc 3037×2897 186
E.hamiltonianusf.lanceifolius smooth nrerose raised invisible cyc 2979×2788 178
Sect.MelanocaryaE.verucosoides smooth weerose raised flakeslike ani 3439×2537 108
E.verucosoides smooth weerose raised invisible ani 3227×2248 158
E.alatus smooth nrerose raised granular ano 2892×2649 129
E.alatus smooth nrerose raised flakeslike ano 2787×2665 117
Sect.UnilocularesE.schensianus striate wenearlysmoothraised invisible ani 3342×2235 178
E.schensianus Striate wenearlysmoothraised invisible ani 3955×2526 132
E.giraldi striate weerose notraised invisible ani 4048×2789 152
E.giraldi striate weerose notraised invisible ani 4364×2813 139
Notice:wewidelyeliptic;nrnearlyrounded;anoanomocytic;anianisocytic;cyccycolocytic.
3 Discussion
Theexistenceortypesofwaxornamentationin
samesepeciesfromdiferentplacecouldbediferent
(Table2,suchasE.tengyuehensis,E.yunnanensis,
E.alatus).Thesizeofstomataandstomatalindex
couldchangebetweenthesamesepeciesfromdiferent
place(Table2,suchasE.alatus,E.yunnanensis,
E.giraldi).Waxornamentation,sizeofstomataand
stomatalindexarenotconstantwithinspecies,and
theymayberelatedtohabitat,butfurtherinvestigation
isrequired.Someotherepidermalfeatures(Including
cuticularmembrane,shapeofguardcels,innermar
ginofouterstomatalrim,outerstomatalrimandsto
matatype)inEuonymusappeartobeconstantwithin
species,andthuscanbeusedfordistinguishingsome
species.Theresultsofourstudyshowthatthecharac
teristicsoftheleafepidermiscanprovidesomeanatom
icalevidencefortheclassificationofEuonymus.There
areafewsubtleappearancediferencesbetweenE.
tengyuehensisandE.japonicus,soitisdificultto
identifytheformerfromthelaterbasedongrossmor
phology.Presentstudyrevealsthatsizeofstomatain
E.tengyuehensis(2633μm×2409μm)ismuch
smalerthanE.japonicus(3815μm×3709μm);
flakeslikewaxarefoundinE.tengyuehensisbutin
visibleinE.japonicus;anomocyticstomataisthe
mainlytypeofE.tengyuehensis,butcycolocyticstoma
tadominantinE.japonicus.Thus,itisveryeasyto
distinguishthemfromeachotherbasedontheleafepi
dermalfeatures.E.acanthocarpusvar.longipes,E.
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acanthocarpusvar.scandensandE.acanthocarpus
var.sutchuanensiswerereducedassynonymsofE.ac
anthocarpusbasedongrossmorphologyanalysis[1].
Presentstudyrevealsthatthecharacteristicsofleafepi
dermissupportthistreatment:cuticularmembrane,
shapeofguardcels,innermarginofouterstomatalrim
andouterstomatalrimofthosespeciesareverysimi
lar.Characteristicsofleafepidermisprovidedleafana
tomicalevidenceforthemergeofE.bungeanusvar.
semipersistensandE.maacki;ofE.hamiltonianus
andE.hamiltonianusf.lanceifolius.
[Acknowledgements] ThecuratoroftheherbariumofSouth
westUniversityforprovidingspecimens.Prof.Luolingfei,Mrs.
Hufei,Mrs.Majun,Mrs.Huangsizhou,Mrs.Lichun,Miss
YuanliliandMissPujiwenforthehelpduringtheprocessof
developingfilms.
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国产21种卫矛属药用植物叶表皮形态特征研究
张益锋,何平,张春平,何俊星
(1.西南大学 生命科学院 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆 400715)
[摘要] 目的:为了积累卫矛属EuonymusL.药用植物叶表皮形态特征方面的分类学资料,以探讨和解决分类学中的一
些问题。方法:29份材料包括卫矛属5个组的21种植物(16种,4变种,1变型)叶表皮进行了光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显
微镜(SEM)下的比较研究。结果:表皮细胞一般呈不规则皱波状或者多裂深波状。气孔只存在于下表皮细胞(白杜和半常绿
白杜除外)。气孔类型有无规则型、不等型、环列型及其过度类型。结论:研究表明,一些叶表皮形态特征(角质膜、保卫细胞
形状、气孔外拱盖内缘、气孔外拱盖表面、气孔类型)包括能为卫矛属植物鉴定提供一些解剖学证据,支持如下分类处理:长梗
刺果卫矛、刺果藤杜仲、疏花刺果卫矛应并入刺果卫矛;半常绿白杜并入白杜;披针叶卫矛应并入西南卫矛。
[关键词] 卫矛属;药用植物;叶表皮;气孔;鉴定
[责任编辑 吕冬梅]
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